الگوی رابطه ی اشتياق کاري و فرسودگي شغلي با افسردگی و شادکامی در مردان شاغل: نقش میانجی سرریزشدگی مثبت و منفی کار-خانواده و استرس
سید میثم دیباجی
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دانشگاه اصفهان
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کلید واژه: اشتیاق کاری, فرسودگی شغلی, سرريزشدن مثبت و منفي کار-خانواده, استرس ادراک¬شده, شادکامي,
چکیده مقاله :
این مطالعه با هدف تعیین نقش استرس و سرریزشدگی مثبت و منفی کار-خانواده ناشی از اشتیاق کاری و فرسودگی شغلی بر افسردگی و شادکامی مردان شاغل انجام شد. تحقيق حاضر توصيفي همبستگي از نوع معادلات ساختاري است. جامعه آماري شامل مردان شاغل شهر اصفهان است كه با روش نمونه گيري دردسترس به تعداد 181 نفر به عنوان نمونه تحقيق انتخاب شدند. شرکتکنندگان به مقياس اشتیاق شغلي اوترخت-فرم کوتاه (شافلي و همکاران، 2002)، پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی مسلش و جکسون (1981)، مقياس سرريزشدگي مثبت و منفي کار-خانواده (گرزيواچ و مارکز، 1999)، مقياس استرس ادراکشده وارتيگ و همکاران (2013)، پرسشنامهی شادکامی آکسفوردهیلز و آرگایل (2002) و فهرست افسردگي بک، استير و براون (1996) (BDI-II) پاسخ دادند. یافتههای این پژوهش نشان داد اشتیاق کاری علاوه بر اثر مستقیم مثبت و معنادار بر شادکامی (05/0P< ،4/0=β)، اثر غیرمستقیم معناداری نیز از طریق سرریزشدگی مثبت کار-خانواده بر شادکامی اعمال میکند (05/0P< ،05/0=β). فرسودگی شغلی نیز از دو مسیر غیرمستقیم موجب کاهش شادکامی در مردان شاغل میشود. مسیر اول از طریق میانجیگری سرریزشدگی منفی کار-خانواده (05/0P< ،08/0-=β)، و مسیر دوم از طریق یک مسیر میانجیگری متوالی که سرریزشدگی منفی کار-خانواده و سپس استرس ادراکشده (05/0P< ،03/0=β) را شامل میشود. همچنین، فرسودگی شغلی با افسردگی هم ارتباط مستقیم دارد (05/0P< ،19/0-=β) و هم از طریق مسیر غیرمستقیم متوالی سرریزشدگی منفی کار-خانواده به استرس ادراکشده (05/0P< ،04/0-=β) نیز منجر به افزایش نشانههای افسردگی در مردان شاغل میشود. همچنين الگوی نهايي پژوهش با دادهها از نظر شاخصهاي مطلق، تطبيقي و مقتصد برازش داشت (941/0GFI=؛ 939/0TLI=؛ 067/0RMSEA=). به نظر میرسد اشتیاق کاری علاوه بر افزایش شادکامی به دلیل ایجاد هیجانات مثبت در محیط کار، با افزایش سرریزشدگی مثبت به خانه، بهعنوان یک منبع محافظتی عمل کرده و مسیر ارتقاء شادکامی را فراهم میسازد. در حالی که فرسودگی شغلی علاوه بر افزایش هیجانات منفی در محیط کار، از طریق تولید سرریزشدگی منفی، نه تنها مستقیماً شادکامی را تضعیف میکند، بلکه با افزودن استرس ادراکشده، یک مسیر زنجیرهای ایجاد میکند که بهطور قابل توجهی نشانههای افسردگی را تشدید مینماید.
چکیده انگلیسی :
This study aimed to determine the role of stress and positive/negative work-family spillover -as related to work engagement and burnout- in predicting depression and happiness among employed men. This descriptive-correlational study utilized Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population comprised employed men in Isfahan city, from which a sample of 181 individuals was selected using a convenience sampling method. Participants completed the Short Form Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli et al., 2002), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), the Work-Family Positive and Negative Spillover Scale (Grzywacz & Marks, 1999), the Perceived Stress Scale (Warttig et al., 2013), the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Hills & Argyle, 2002), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) (BDI-II). The findings showed that work engagement exerted a direct positive and significant effect on happiness (β=0.40, P<0.05), and an additional significant indirect effect on happiness was observed through positive work-family spillover (β =0.05, P<0.05). Furthermore, burnout led to a reduction in happiness among employed men via two distinct indirect pathways: first, through the mediation of negative work-family spillover (β=-0.08, P<0.05), and second, through a serial mediating pathway including negative work-family spillover followed by perceived stress (β=0.03, P<0.05). Moreover, burnout demonstrated a direct association with depression (β=-0.19, P<0.05) and contributed to an increase in depressive symptoms via the serial indirect pathway from negative work-family spillover to perceived stress (β=-0.04, $P<0.05). The final model demonstrated good fit with the data across absolute, incremental, and parsimony indices (GFI=0.941; TLI=0.939; RMSEA=0.067).
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