ارتباط طرحوارههای مقابله با استرس و فضایل در عمل با پریشانی روانشناختی در دوره همهگیری کرونا: نقش میانجی تابآوری
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
محمد مهدوی میدانی
1
,
مهناز شاهقلیان
2
*
,
حمید خانی پور
3
1 - گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه روانشناسی، مؤسسه تحقیقات تربیتی، روانشناختی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: طرحوارههای مقابله با استرس, فضایل در عمل, تابآوری, پریشانی روانشناختی, همهگیری کرونا,
چکیده مقاله :
از زمان همهگیری کرونا، مطالعات مختلفی به بررسی اثرات روانشناختی و جسمانی این بیماری پرداخته‌‌اند و عوامل متعددی را در بروز، افزایش و کاهش پریشانی روانشناختی حاصل از این اپیدمی دخیل دانسته‌‌اند. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین رابطه طرحوارههای مقابله با استرس، فضایل در عمل و تابآوری با پریشانی روانشناختی در دوره همهگیری کرونا انجام شد. تعداد 200 دانشجو (137 زن و 63 مرد) بین سنین 20 تا40 سال به شیوه در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به سیاهه‌‌‌‌های طرحوارههای مقابله با استرس (CSI-R)، فضایل در عمل (VIA)، تابآوری کونور و دیویدسون (CD-RISC) و پریشانی روانشناختی کسلر (K-10) به‌‌صورت آنلاین پاسخ دادند. یافته‌‌ها نشان داد که نقش میانجی تابآوری در رابطه بین طرحوارههای مقابله با استرس و پریشانی روانشناختی معنادار می‌‌باشد. همچنین ارتباط طرحوارههای مقابله با استرس با فضایل در عمل معنادار بود. ارتباط معناداری میان فضایل در عمل با پریشانی روانشناختی به‌‌دست نیامد. نتیجه پژوهش حاضر حاکی از آن است که در دوره‌‌های فشار و بحران مانند دوره همهگیری کرونا، در کاهش میزان پریشانی روانشناختی افراد، برنامه‌‌های مبتنی بر ارتقای تابآوری بر برنامه‌‌های تغییر طرحوارههای مقابله با استرس و برنامه‌‌های ارتقای فضایل مثبت ارجحیت دارند.
Since the corona epidemic, various studies have examined the psychological and physical effects of this disease and have considered several factors involved in the occurrence, increase and decrease of psychological distress resulting from this epidemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coping schemes with stress, virtues in action and resilience with psychological distress during the corona epidemic. 200 students (137 women and 63 men) between the ages of 20-40 were randomly selected and responded online to questionnaires of the Coping Schemas with Stress (CSI-R), Virtues in Action (VIA), Connor and Davidson's Resilience (CD-RISC) and Kessler's psychological distress (K-10). Findings showed that the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between coping schemes with stress and psychological distress is significant. Relationships between coping schemas with stress with virtues in action were also significant. The relationship between virtues in action with psychological distress was not significant. The results of the study indicate that in periods of stress and crisis, such as the Corona epidemic, programs based on promoting resilience is preferred in reducing the level of psychological distress than Programs to change coping schemas with stress and programs to promote positive virtues.
فراهاني، محمدنقي؛ و خاني¬پور، حميد. (1395). ساختار عاملي پرسشنامه طرحواره‌‌هاي مقابله با استرس در نمونه ايراني. فصلنامه پژوهش در سلامت روانشناختی، 10(4)، 92-76.
قربانی، زهره؛ بنی جمال، شکوه السادات؛ عامری، فریده؛ خسروی، زهره؛ و دهشیری، غلامحسین. (1394). بررسی ویژگی‌‌های روانسنجی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه ویژگی¬های روانشناختی مثبت در دانشجویان. فصلنامه روانشناسی مثبت، 1(2)، 26-15.
محمدی، مسعود. (1384). بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر تاب¬آوری در افراد در معرض خطر سوء مصرف مواد. رساله دکتری، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی تهران.
یعقوبی، حمید. (1394). ویژگی¬های روانسنجی نسخه 10 سؤالی سیاهه پریشانی روانشناختی کسلر. فصلنامه پژوهش¬های کاربردی روانشناختی، 6(4)، 57-45.
Annalakshmi, N. ( 2020). Character Strengths and Resilience among Graduate Students.
Blanca, M. J., Ferragut, M., Ortiz-Tallo, M., & Bendayan, R. (2018). Life satisfaction and character strengths in Spanish early adolescents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(5), 1247-1260.
Blendon, R. J., Benson, J. M., DesRoches, C. M., Raleigh, E., & Taylor-Clark, K. (2004). The public's response to severe acute respiratory syndrome in Toronto and the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38(7), 925-931.
Bowes, L., & Jaffee, S. R. (2013). Biology, genes, and resilience: toward a multidisciplinary approach. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 14(3), 195-208.
Brody, C., Chhoun, P., Tuot, S., Pal, K., Chhim, K., & Yi, S. (2015). HIV risk and psychological distress among female entertainment workers in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1-10..
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.
Casali, N., Feraco, T., Ghisi, M., & Meneghetti, C. (2021). Andra tutto bene: Associations Between Character Strengths, Psychological Distress and Self-efficacy During Covid-19 Lockdown. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(5), 2255-2274.
Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L. & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 15-16.
Cherif, L., Wood, V., & Wilkin, M. (2020). An Investigation of the Character Strengths and Resilience of Future Military Leaders. Journal of Wellness, 3(1), 2.
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76–82.
Demirci, I., Ekşi, H., Ekşi, F., & Kaya, Ç. (2019). Character strengths and psychological vulnerability: The mediating role of resilience. Current Psychology, 1-11.
Dilekmen, M. & Erdem, B. (2013). Depression levels of the elementary school teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 793-806.
Disabato, D. J., Short, J. L., Kashdan, T. B., Curby, T. W., and Jarden, A. (2014). Do character strengths reduce future depression or does depression reduce character strengths? American Psychological Association Publish.
Drapeau, A., Marchand, A., & Beaulieu-Prevost, D. (2012). Epidemiology of psychological distress. Mental Illnesses-Understanding, Prediction and Control, 69, 105-134.
Duan, W. (2016). The benefits of personal strengths in mental health of stressed students: A longitudinal investigation. Quality of Life Research, 25(11), 2879-2888.
Freidlin, P., Littman-Ovadia, H., and Niemiec, R. M. (2017). Positive psychopathology: Social anxiety via character strengths underuse and overuse. Personality and Individual Difference, 108, 50-54.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., Martinussen, M., Aslaksen, P. M., & Flaten, M. A. (2006). Resilience as a moderator of pain and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61(2), 213-219
Gander, F., Hofmann, J., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2020). Character strengths–Stability, change, and relationships with well-being changes. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(2), 349-367.
Holden, L., Scuffham, P., Hilton, M., Vecchio, N., & Whiteford, H. (2010). Psychological distress is associated with a range of high‐priority health conditions affecting working Australians. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 34(3), 304-310.
Horwitz, A. V. (2007). Distinguishing distress from disorder as psychological outcomes of stressful social arrangements. Health, 11(3), 273-289.
Hutchinson, A. M. K., Stuart, A. D., & Pretorius, H. G. (2010). Biological contributions to well-being: The relationships amongst temperament, character strengths and resilience. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1-10.
Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalence and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976.
Keyfitz, L. (2013). The role of positive schemas in child psychopathology and resilience. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(1), 97-108.
Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu J, Du H, Chen T, Li R, Tan H. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease. Journal of the American Medical Association, 3(3), 203-205.
Lahav, Y. (2020). Psychological distress related to COVID-19–the contribution of continuous traumatic stress. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 129-137.
Lee, J. H., Seo, M., Lee, M., Park, S. Y., Lee, J. H., & Lee, S. M. (2017). Profiles of coping strategies in resilient adolescents. Psychological Reports, 120(1), 49-69.
Leontopoulou, S. & Triliva, S. (2012). Explorations of subjective wellbeing and character strengths among a Greek University student sample. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(3), 251-270.
Lincoln, K. D., Taylor, R. J., Watkins, D. C., & Chatters, L. M. (2011). Correlates of psychological distress and major depressive disorder among African American men. Research on Social Work Practice, 21(3), 278-288.
McCullough, M. E., & Snyder, C. R. (2000). Classical sources of human strength: Revisiting an old home and building a new one. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 1-10.
Margo-Dermer, E., Dépelteau, A., Girard, A., & Hudon, C. (2019). Psychological distress in frequent users of primary health care and emergency departments: a scoping review. Public health, 172, 1-7.
Martinez-Marti, Maria Luisa, and Willibald Ruch. (2017). Character strengths predict resilience over and above positive affect, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12 (2),110-119.
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-230.
Mc Donnell, E. (2018). Exploration of associations between early maladaptive schemas, impaired emotional regulation, coping strategies and resilience in opioid dependent poly-drug users. Substance Use and Misuse, 53(14), 2320-2329.
Nila, K., Holt, D. V., Ditzen, B., & Aguilar-Raab, C. (2016). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) enhances distress tolerance and resilience through changes in mindfulness. Mental Health and Prevention, 4(1), 36-41.
Osornio, A. C. (2020). Psychological Distress Trajectories Among Ethnic Minority Mothers and Consequences for Child Psychological Adjustment. California State University, Long Beach.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press.
Prime, H., Wade, M., & Browne, D. T. (2020). Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist journal, 4(1), 13-23.
Richardson GE, Neiger B, Jensen S, Kumpfer K. (1990). The resiliency model. Health Education, 21,33-39.
Ridner, S. H. (2004). Psychological distress: concept analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 45(5), 536-545.
Rogers, J. P., Chesney, E., Oliver, D., Pollak, T. A., McGuire, P., Fusar-Poli, P., & David, A. S. (2020). Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(7), 611-627.
Ronen, T., Hamama, L., Rosenbaum, M., & Mishely-Yarlap, A. (2016). Subjective well-being in adolescence: The role of self-control, social support, age, gender, and familial crisis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 81-104.
Rubin, G. J., & Wessely, S. (2020). The psychological effects of quarantining a city. British Medical Journal, 368.45-56.
Sato, A., Hasimoto, T., Kimura, A., Niitsu, T., & Iyo, M. (2018). Psychological distress symptoms associated with life events in patients with bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9(200), 1-9.
Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. (2007). Using Multivariate statistics. 5th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.
Tola, H. H., Shojaeizadeh, D., Garmaroudi, G., Tol, A., Yekaninejad, M. S., Ejeta, L. T., & Kassa, D. (2015). Psychological distress and its effect on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Ethiopia. Global Health Action, 8(1), 29019
. Tugade, M. M., Fredrickson, B. L., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2004). Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: Examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1161-1190.
Vormwald, L. (2020). Fostering resilience: integrating positive character strengths with dance making skills to help young children cope with adversity. University of Northern Colorado. Master's theses.
Wang, C., Chudzicka-Czupała, A., Grabowski, D., Pan, R., Adamus, K., Wan, X., & Ho, C. (2020). The association between physical and mental health and face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of two countries with different views and practices. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 901.
Wind, T. R., & Komproe, I. H. (2012). The mechanisms that associate community social capital with post-disaster mental health: a multilevel model. Social science & medicine, 75(9), 1715-1720.
Wong, P. T. P. (1993). Effective management of life stress: The resource-congruence model. Stress Medicine, 9, 51-60.
Wong, P. T., Reker, G. T., & Peacock, E. J. (2006). A resource-congruence model of coping and the development of the coping schema inventory. Handbook of Multicultural perspectives on stress and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(13), 1239-1242.
Zhang, Y., & Chen, M. (2018). Character strengths, strengths use, future self-continuity and subjective well-being among Chinese university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-14.