Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Quality of Life
Subject Areas : PsychologyMohammad Ali Besharat 1 , Samira Keshavarz 2 * , Masoud Gholamali Lavasani 3 , Elham Arabi 4
1 - University of Tehran
2 - University of Tehran
3 - University of Tehran
4 - University of Tehran
Keywords: early maladaptive schemas perceived social support quality of life,
Abstract :
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and quality of life. The method of present study was descriptive-correlational and population comprised general population of Shiraz city. Three handred and ninety one individuals (182 men, 209 women) were selected through convenience sampling method. Subjects were asked to complete the Schema Questionnaire (Young & Brown, 1999), Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF, 1998) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, et al, 1988). Data analysis was accomplished by path analysis. Results showed that perceived social support has mediating role between disconnection/ rejection domain, impaired limits domain (p<0/01) and being other-directed domain (p<0/05) with quality of life. Based on findings, it can be concluded that early maladaptive schemas influence quality of life through perceived social support. Therefore, perceived social support and early maladaptive schemas should be the core of clinical focus in improving quality of life.
آهی، قاسم، محمدی فر، محمدعلی، بشارت، محمدعلی(1386). پایایی و اعتبار فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه طرح واره یانگ. مجلة روانشناسی وعلوم تربیتی، 3، 20-5.
بشارت، محمدعلی (1386). ويژگي هاي روانسنجي و ساختار عامل مقياس چندبعدي حمايت اجتماعي ادراک شده. گزارش پژوهشي. دانشگاه تهران.
بشارت، محمدعلی، کشاورز، سمیرا، غلامعلی لواسانی، مسعود (1394). نقش واسطه اي خودشفقت ورزي و خودمهارگري در رابطه بین روانسازه هاي ناسازگار اولیه با کیفیت زندگی. روانشناسی تحولی. 44، 355-341.
نجات، سحرناز، منتظری، علی، هلاکوئی نائینی، کوروش محمد، کاظم، مجدزاده، رضا (1385). استانداردسازی پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی سازمان جهانی بهداشت: ترجمه و روانسنجی گونه ایرانی. مجله دانشکده بهداشت و انیستیتو تحقیقات بهداشتی، 4، 1-12.
نصیری، حبیب اله (1385). بررسی روایی و پایایی مقیاس کوتاه کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی(WHOQOL- BREF) و تهیه نسخه ایرانی آن (IRQOL). مجموعه مقالات سومین سمینار بهداشت روانی دانشجویان، 373-369.
Adeyeye, O. O., Adewumi, T. A., & Adewuya, A. O. (2017). Effect of psychological and other factors on quality of life amongst asthma outpatients in Lagos, Nigeria. Respiratory Medicine, 122, 67-70.
Alemi, F., Stephane, R., Arendt, R., Liorent, S., Schaffer, D., & Nemes, S. (2002). The orientation of social support measures. Addictive Behavior, 876, 1-14.
Atmaca, S., & Gencoz, T. (2016). Exploring revictimization process among Turkish women: The role of early maladaptive schemas on the link between child abuse and partner violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 85-93.
Başar, K., Oz, G., Karakaya, J. (2016). Perceived discrimination, social support, and quality of life in gender dysphoria. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(7), 1133-1141.
Barazandeh,H., Kissane, D., Saeedi, N., & Gordon, M. (2016). A systematic review of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and borderline personality disorder/traits. Personality and Individual Differences. 130–139.
Bruwer, B., Emsley, R., Kidd, M., Lochner, C., & Seedat, S. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in youth. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 1915-201.
Chou, K-L (2000). Assessing Chinese adolescents’ social support: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 299-307.
Dolbier, C. L., & Steinhardt, M. A. (2000).The development and validation of the Sense of Support Scale. Behavioral Medicine, 25, 169–179.
Janusek, L. W., Tell, D., Albuquerque, K., & Mathews, H. L. (2013). Childhood adversity increases vulnerability for behavioral symptoms and immune dysregulation in women with breast cancer. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 30, 149–162.
Howard, S., Creaven, A., Hughes, B. M., O’Leary, B. D., & James, J. E. (2017). Perceived social support predicts lower cardiovascular reactivity to stress in older adults. Biological Psychology, 125, 70-75.
Kang, H. W., Park, M., & Wallace, J. P. (2016). The impact of perceived social support, loneliness, and physical activity on quality of life in South Korean older adults. Journal of Sport and Health Science, In Press, Corrected Proof.
Lindorff, M. (2000). Is it better to perceive than receive? Social support, stress and strain for managers. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 5, 271–286.
McLaughlin, K. A., Conron, K. J., Koenen, K. C., & Gilman, S. E. (2010). Childhoo-dadversity, adult stressful life events, and risk of past-year psychiatric disorder: A test of the stress sensitization hypothesis in a population- basedsample of adults. Psychological Medicine, 40, 1647–1658.
Pierce, T., Baldwin, M. W. & Lydon, J. E. (1997). A relational schema approach to social support. In: Pierce, G. R., Lakey, B., Sarason, I.G., Sarason, B. R. (Eds.), Source book of social support and personality. Plenum, New York, 19–47.
Preuss, N., Brändle, L., Hager, O., Haynes, M., Fischbacher, U., & Hasler, G. (2016). Inconsistency and social decision making in patients with borderline personality disorder, Psychiatry Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.017.
Rezaei, M., Ghazanfari, F., & Rezaee, F. (2016). The role of childhood trauma, early maladaptive schemas, emotional schemas and experimental avoidance on depression: A structural equation modeling. Psychiatry Research, 246, 407-414
Rezaei Nasab, F., Abasi, I., Naziri, GH, & Barzgar, M. (2013). Determination of basic maladaptive schemas in women with addictive relations. Journal of Women and Society, 4(2), 83-108.
Ryan, C., Shorey, J., Anderson, S., & Stuart, L. (2015). Early maladaptive schemas and aggression in men seeking residential substance use treatment. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 6-12
Schmidt, N. B., Joiner, T. E., Young, J. E., & Telch, M. J. (1995). The schema questionnaire: Investigation of psychometric properties and the hierarchical structure of a measure of maladaptive schemas. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 295-301.
Shorey, R.C., Stuart, G.L., Anderson, S., & Strong, D.R. (2013). Changes in early maladaptive schemas after residential treatment for substance use. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(9), 912-922.
Skevington, S. M., Lotfy, M., & O’Connel, K. A. (2004). The World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial, a report from the WHOQOL group. Quality of Life Research, 13, 299-310.
Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., & Zebb, B. J. (1998). Psychometric properties of the MSPSS in older adults. Aging and Mental Health, 2, 186-193.
Studart, P., Galvão-de Almeida, A., Bezerra-Filho, B., Caribé, A., Afonso, N. R. et al. (2016). Is history of suicidal behavior related to social support and quality of life in outpatients with bipolar I disorder? Psychiatry Research, 246, 796-802.
Tam, C. L., Lee, T. H., Har, W. M., & Pook, W. L. (2011). Perceived social support and self-esteem towards gender roles: Contributing factors in adolescents. Asian Social Science, 7(8), 49-58.
Taquechel, A. E. G., Littleton, H. L., & Axsom, D. (2011).Social support, world assumptions, and exposure as predictors of anxiety and quality of life following a mass trauma. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(4), 498–506.
The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL) (1995). Position paper from the World Health Organization. Social Science & Medicine. 41, 10, 1403-1409.
Thimm, J. C. (2010). Personality and early maladaptive schemas: A five-factor model perspective. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41,373-380.
Uchino, B. N. (2009). Understanding the links between social support and physical health: A life-span perspective with emphasis on the separability of perceived and received support. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 236–255.
Unalan, D., Gocer, S., Basturk, M., Baydur, M. & Ozturk, M. (2015). Coincidence of low social support and high depressive score on quality of life in elderly. European Geriatric Medicine, 6, 4, 319-324.
Virgil Zeigler-Hill, V. Z., Green, B. A.,Arnau, R. C., Sisemore, T. B.& Myers, E. M. (2011). Trouble ahead, trouble behind: Narcissism and early maladaptive schemas. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42: 96-103.
Wu, X., Chen, J., Huang, H., Liu, Z., Li, X., & Wang, H. (2015). Perceived stigma, medical social support and quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Hunan, China. Applied Nursing Research, 28(2), 169-174.
Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (1999). Young Schema Questionnaire- L3a. Cognitive Therapy Center of New York: Authors.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishoar, M. E. (2003). Schema Therapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Guilford Press.
Zhao, L, Chan, K., Leung, K. F., Liu, F., Fang, J., & Lang, J. (2006). Reliability and validity of the Chinese quality of life instrument. Focus Alternative Complement, 9, 62-70.
Zhu, W., Wang, C. D., & Chong, C. C. (2016). Adult attachment, perceived social support, Cultural Orientation, and Depressive Symptoms: A moderatedmediation model. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 63, 6, 645-655.
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30-41.