The role of impulse control, irritability and attachment style of mothers in predicting the symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children
Subject Areas : Psychology
zahra sepehrinasab
1
,
sajjad basharpoor
2
*
,
seyfollah Aghajani
3
,
nader hajloo
4
1 - Faculty of Educational & Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 - Faculty of Educational & Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
3 - Faculty of Educational & Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
4 - Faculty of Educational & Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Impulse control, Irritability, Attachment style.,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was the role of impulse control, irritability and attachment style of mothers in predicting the symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. 120 mothers of elementary school students (65 girls and 55 boys) who were studying in Tehran in the academic year of 2019- 2020 and had symptoms of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder were selected using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected using the Connerss Parent Questionnaire (1999), the Buss and Plomine Irritability Questionnaire (1984), the Lynham Impulse Control Scale (2006), and the Collins and Read Attachment Styles Questionnaire (1999). To analyzing data, was used Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results of regression analysis showed that the control of impulse, irritability and attachment style of mothers by explaining 58 percent of the variance of the total score of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder symptoms can predict the criterion variable. These findings indicate that therapists and psychologists pay close attention to the psychological characteristics of mothers in the effectiveness of treatment for the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.
بشارت، محمدعلی؛ شریفی، ماندانا؛ و ایروانی، محمد. (1390). بررسی رابطه سبک¬های دلبستگی و مکانیسم¬های دفاعی. مجله روانشناسی، 19(8)، 277- 289.
بشرپور، سجاد. (1395). صفات شخصیت: نظریه و آزمون. چاپ دوم. تهران: نشر ساوالان.
بهادری، محمد حسین؛ جهانبخش، مرضیه؛ امیری، شعله؛ و انیسی، جعفر. (1391). پیش بینی علائم افسردگی در دختران از طریق سبک دلبستگی مادران. مجله علوم رفتاری، 6(4)، 345- 339.
پاکدامن، شهلا. (1383). بررسی ارتباط بین دلبستگی و جامعه طلبی در نوجوانی. فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی، 9(3)، 47- 25.
حجتی، قصیده؛ نقش، زهرا؛ و خدایاری فرد، محمد. (1400). رابطه بین سبک دلبستگی و هویت اخلاقی: نقش واسطه¬ای همدلی. مجله روانشناسی، 25(2)، 235- 215.
حسن زاده، سعید؛ امرایی، کوروش؛ و صمدزاده، صبا. (1398). فراتحلیلی بر شیوع اختلال کاستی توجه و فزونکنشی در ایران. نشریه توانمندسازی کودکان استثنایی، 10(2)، 165- 177.
ذوقی پایدار، محمدرضا؛ قاسمی، معصومه؛ بیات، احمد؛ و صنایعی کمال، سمانه. (1394). مقایسه سلامت روان مادران دارای کودکان با و بدون اختلال کم توجهی- فزونکنشی. فصلنامه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی، 15(8)، 14- 6.
علیزاده، حمید. (1384). تبیین نظری اختلال فزونکنشی- نقص توجه الگوی بازداری رفتاری و ماهیت خود کنترلی. مجله کودکان استثنایی، 5(3)، 348- 323.
فتحی رنانی، مریم؛ اصغری، فرهاد؛ کاظمی، حمید؛ و صالحی، ایرج. (1392). رابطه هیجان خواهی، اختلال فزونکنشی- نارسایی توجه و تاب آوری در افراد معتاد و غیر معتاد در شهر اصفهان. فصلنامه علوم رفتاری، 10(3)، 73- 89.
گال، والتر، و بورگ، مردیت. (1383). روشهای تحقیق کمی و کیفی در علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه شهید بهشتی (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی، 1996).
گنجی، مهدی. (1394). آسیب شناسی روانی DSM 5. چاپ دوم. تهران: نشر ساوالان. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی، 2013).
ملک نیا، آرزو سادات؛ هاشمیان، کیانوش؛ و ابوالمعالی، خدیجه. (1400). تبیین اثر میزان تحصیلات والدین بر خودپنداره دانش آموزان مقطع متوسطه بر اساس نقش میانجیگر کیفیت رابطه والد- فرزند. مجله روانشناسی، 2(25)، 272- 255.
میکائیلی، نیلوفر؛ مهاجر اول، نسترن؛ و عطارد، نسترن. (1396). نقش فرزند پروری ذهن آگاهانه و سبک دلبستگی مادر در پیش بینی اختلالهای رفتاری کودکان بیش فعال. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی زن و فرهنگ، 8(32)، 35- 21.
Adam, K. A., Gunnar, M. R., Tanaka, A. (2004). Adult attachment, parent emotion, and observed parenting behavior: Mediator and Moderator models. Journal of Child Development, 75(1), 110-122.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®).Washington, DC: Author.
Barkley, R. A. (2006). A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). Journal of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Bilgic, A., Yilmaz, S., & Ozcan, O. (2018). The Relationship between Parental Affective Temperament Traits and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Symptoms in Children with ADHD. Journal of Sage, 1(28), 449- 473.
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss. New York: Basic Books.
Breaux, R. P., Mcquade, J. D., & Harvey, E. A. (2018). Longitudinal association of parental emotion socialization and children emotion regulation: the moderating role of ADHD symptomatology. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(4), 671- 683.
Buss, A. H., & Plomine, R. (1984). A temperament theory of personality development. New York: Wiley
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). The self- regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University press.
Chu, S. L., Mie, L. H., Kuoyu, C., Chiachi, C., & Rong, S. (2021). Knowledge of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among the general public, parents, and primary school teachers. Journal of Medicine, 100(12), 245- 252.
Clarke, L., Ungerer, J., Chahoud, K., Johnson, S., & Stiefel, I. (2002). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with attachment insecurity. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology Psychiatry, 7(4), 179- 198.
Collins, N. & Read, S. (1999). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of personality and social psychology, 18(6), 31- 43.
Connerss, C. K., Erhardt, D., & Sparrow, E. (1999). Connerss Adults ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) Tech Nical Manual. N Tonawanda, ny: Multi Health Systems, 431- 437.
Deroord, S. V., & Tripp, G. (2020). How to Improve Behavioral Parent and Teacher Training for Children with ADHD: Integrating Empirical Research on Learning and Motivation into Treatment. Journal of Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 23(5), 577- 604.
Edel, M. A., Edel, S., Kruger, M., Assion, H. J., Juckel, G., & Brune, M. (2015). Attachment, recalled parental rearing, and ADHD symptoms predict emotion processing and alexithymia in adults with ADHD. Journal of Ann Gen Psychiatry, 13(8), 291- 301.
Ercan, E., Atelgan, H., & Basey. (2014). Predicting aggression in parents of children with ADHD. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 15(8), 148- 159.
Fida, R., Paciello, M., Barbaranelli, C., Tramontano, R. G., & Fontaine, B. (2015). An Integrative Approach to Understanding Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Roles of Stressors, Negative Emotions and Moral Disengagement. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(5), 42- 84.
Francois, J. (2021). Child attachment and ADHD: a systematic review. Journal of National Center for Biotechnology Information, 18(9), 175- 199.
Harazni, L., & Alkaissi, A. (2017). The experience of mothers and teachers of ADHD children, and their management practices for the behaviors of the child. Journal of Education and Practice, 22(7), 265- 288.
Hoofdakker, B. J., Nauta, M. H., Van den Veen-Mulders, L.J., Sytema, S., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Minderaa, R. B., et al.(2010). Behavioral parent training as an adjunct to routine carein children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Mod-erators of treatment response. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 3(5), 317–326.
Jensen, D., A., Marie, F., H., Monsen, N., J., N., Eggen, T., H., Eichele, H., Adolfsdotti, S., Plessen, K., J., & Sorensen, L. (2018). Keeping emotions in mind: The influence of working memory capacity on parent- reported symptoms of emotional lability in a sample of children with and without ADHD. Journal of Frontiers in Psychology, 184(9), 609- 625.
Lee, P. C., Niew, W. I., Yang, H. J., Chen, V. C. H. & Lin, K. C. (2012). A meta- analysis of behavioral parent training for children with ADHD. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(4), 2040- 2049.
Lynham, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2012). Personality pathways to impulsive behavior and their relations to deviance: Results from three samples. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20(8), 319- 341.
Lynham, M. M. (2006). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. New York, Guilford.
Main, M., Kaplan, A., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security infancy, childhood and adulthood: A move to the level of representation monographs of the society for research in child development. Child Development, 50(3), 66- 104.
Meadows, S. O., Mclanahan, S. S., Gunn, J. (2007). Parental depression and anxiety and early childhood behavior problems across family types. Journal of Marriage Family, 69(5), 62-77.
Mikami, A., Y., & Chong, G., K. (2015). Implications of Parental Affiliate Stigma in Families of Children with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(4), 593- 603.
Miller, c., j., & Mackay, K., E. (2006). Family and Cognitive Factors: Modeling Risk for Aggression in Children with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(3), 355- 363.
Mothiesen, K. S., & Tambs, k. (1999). The EAS Temperament Questionnaire–Factor Structure, Age Trends,Reliability, and Stability in a Norwegian Sample. Journal of Child, 40(3), 431- 439.
Rasmussen, P., & Simonsen, E. (2014). Association between insecure attachment and ADHD: Environmental mediating factors. Journal of Attention Disorders, 10(7), 171- 186.
Rucklidge, J. J. (2014). Gender differences in ADHD: implications for psychosocial treatments. Journal of Neurotherapeutic, 8(4), 643–655.
Sanders, M. R. (2018). Parenting interventions and the prevention of serious mental health problems in children. Med Journal of Austoralia, 1(7), 87-92.
Scheres, A. & Solanto, M. A. (2021). Do ADHD Symptoms, Executive Function, and Study Strategies Predict Temporal Reward Discounting in College Students with Varying Levels of ADHD Symptoms. Journal of Brain Science, 11(81), 1- 14.
Scholtens, S., Rydell, A., Bohlin, G., & Thorell, I. B. (2014). ADHD symptoms and attachment representation: considering the role of conduct problems, cognitive deficit, and narrative responses in non- attachment- related story stems. Journal of Abnormal Children Psychology, 4(2), 1033- 1042.
Shoenberger, N., & Rocheleau, G. C. (2017). Effective parenting and self-control: difference by gender. Journal of Women Crime Justice, 27(9), 1–16.
Stephen, V. (2006). Family study of girls with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 15(7), 1077- 1083.
True, M. N., Pisani. & Ljoumar, F. (2001). Infant-mother attachment among the dogon of Mail. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 72(5), 66-145.
Van der Oord, S., Bogels, S. M., & Peijnenburg, D. (2016).MijnAandacht: Mindfulness protocol voor kinderen met ADHD. [MyAttention: Mindfulness manual for children with ADHD].Virenze: Internal publication University of Amsterdam/UVA.
Witeside, S. & Lynham, D. R. (2001). The five factor model and impulsivity. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 30(5), 669- 689.
Yagon, M., A. (2018). Models of child- parent attachment in ADHD: Link to executive functions. Journal of Personal Relationships, 25(11), 280- 298.
Zeller, J. L. (2017). Maternal depressive symptoms, father’s involvement, and the trajectories of child problem behaviors in a US National Sample. Journal of American Medicine Association, 1(11), 262- 298.
Zukerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking: beyond the optimal level of arousal. New York: L. Erlbaum Associates.