ساخت و هنجاريابی آزمون رايانه‌ای حافظه‌ی کاری کودکان
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
علی اکبر شریفی
1
(گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.)
حسین زارع
2
(گروه روان شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم‌تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: هنجاريابي, آزمون حافظه کاري کودکان, روايي, اعتبار,
چکیده مقاله :
در مورد حافظه کاري در كودكان به دليل چالش‌هاي اساسي در ارزيابي آن، ابزارهاي اندکي وجود دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ساخت و هنجاريابي آزمون رايانه‌اي حافظه کاري براي کودکان انجام شد. روش اين پژوهش، توصيفي و از نوع آزمون‌سازي است از ميان دانش‌آموزان پايه‌‌هاي اول تا ششم ابتدايي شهرکرد، ۳۲۴ دانش‌آموز با روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي چندمرحله‌اي انتخاب شد و با برنامه سنجش حافظه کاري کودکان مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند. نتايج تحليل عامل اکتشافي به روش تحليل مؤلفه‌‌هاي اصلي و چرخش واريمکس نشان داد که 9 خرده‌مقياس 54 /86 درصد از واريانس داده‌‌ها را تبيين مي‌کنند. عامل اول، دوم، سوم و چهارم به ترتيب 42/29، 78/19، 86/18 و 49/18 درصد از واريانس را تبيين كردند. همچنین ضريب اعتبار بازآزمايي 814/0 براي كل آزمون به‌دست آمد و همبستگي بين مجموعه آزمون حافظه فعال براي کودکان )حافبک) و برنامه سنجش حافظه کاري کودکان در دامنه 513/0 تا 791/0 بود در مجموع یافته‌‌های پژوهش نشان داد که برنامه رايانه‌اي سنجش حافظه کاري کودکان، ويژگي‌هاي روان‌سنجي رضايت‌بخشي در جامعه کودکان ايراني دارد و مي‌توان از آن در سنجش حافظه کاري كودكان استفاده کرد.
In the case of working memory in children, due to the basic challenges in evaluating it, there are few tools. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and standardizing a computerized working memory test for children. The method of this research is a descriptive study and test development. Among the first to sixth grade students of Shahrekord, 324 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and were measured by computerized working memory test for children. The results of exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation showed that 9 subscales explained 86.54% of the variance of the data. The first, second, third, and fourth factors explained 29.42, 19.78, 18.86, and 18.49 percent of variance, respectively. Also, the test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.814 was obtained for the whole test and the correlation between Working Memory Test Battery for Children and the computerized working memory test for children in the range of 0.513 to 0.791. In total, the findings of the research showed that computerized working memory test for children has satisfactory psychometric properties in the Iranian children's pupulation, which can be used to measure children's working memory.
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