بررسی ساختار عاملی و ويژگی‌های روانسنجی مقياس استعداد روابط فرازناشويی در زنان
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
نسیم ظفر قلیزاده
1
,
علی خادمی
2
*
,
رضا تسبیح سازان مشهدی
3
1 - گروه روانشناسی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران
2 - گروه روانشناسی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران
3 - گروه روانشناسی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران
کلید واژه: استعداد روابط فرازناشويی, روايی, اعتبارتحليل عاملی اکتشافی, تحليل عاملی تأييدی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر تعيين ساختار عاملي و ويژگي هاي روانسنجي مقياس استعداد روابط فرازناشويي در زنان بود. اين تحقيق با استفاده از روش تحقيق آميخته در دو بخش کيفي و کمّي انجام شد. در بخش کيفي مصاحبه هاي تخصصي با گروه هفت نفره اي از صاحب نظران در زمينه خانواده و زوج درماني با استفاده از مصاحبه ساختار يافته و نيمه ساختار يافته انجام شد که منجر به استخراج شاخص هاي اولية مفهومي شد. روش پژوهش در بخش کمّي، توصيفي- همبستگي بود. جامعة آماري پژوهش شامل کلية زنان متأهل ساکن شهر اروميه در سال 1396 بود که به صورت اوليه 1000 نفر از اين زنان با استفاده از روش نمونه گيري در دسترس به عنوان نمونه انتخاب و 859 پرسشنامه معتبر تشخيص داده شدند. ابزار پژوهش شامل مقياس استعداد روابط فرازناشويي (EAPS) و خرسندي زناشويي (MHS) بود. به منظور تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از روش تحليل عاملي اکتشافي و تأييدي استفاده شد. بر اساس تحليل عاملي اکتشافي پنج عامل مشخصات خانوادگي، رسانه اي، سبک رفتار جنسي، شخصيتي و شناختي استخراج شد. در مجموع عامل هاي استخراج گرديده، توانستند 51/56 درصد از واريانس کل آزمون را تبيين کنند. براي بررسي روايي پرسش نامه از روايي محتوا، روايي سازه و تحليل عاملي تأييدي استفاده شد. شاخص هاي برازش مدل در تحليل عاملي تأييدي روايي اين مقياس را مورد تأييد قرار داد. اعتبار آن از طريق ضريب آلفاي کرونباخ برابر با 0/88به دست آمد. بر اساس يافته ها، مقياس استعداد روابط فرازناشويي ابزاري روا و معتبر است و ميتوان از اين ابزار در موقعيتهاي باليني و پژوهشي استفاده کرد.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Factor Structure and Psychometric Characteristics of Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale in females. This research have done using mixed-method in two qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative section of the research, expert interviews included 7 experts on family and Couples therapy were conducted using structured interviews and semi -structured interviews that led to the extraction of primary indicators.The method of research in the quantitative part was descriptive –correlation. The statistical population included married females in Urmia in 2017, and 1000 of these females were selected by available sampling. The tools of the present study were Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale (EAPS) and Marital Happiness Scale (MHS). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Based on exploratory factor analysis, five factors were identified: Family Properties, media, Sexual behavior style, Personality Traits and cognitive. Overall, the extracted factors accounted for 51/56% of the total variance of the test. Content validity, Structural validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the validity. Fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis model, confirmed validity of this attitude scale. Its reliability through the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.88 obtained. Based on the findings Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale is a valid and reliable tool and can be used in clinical and research situations.
افشاری کاشانیان، امید.، زهراکار، کیانوش.، محسن زاده، فرشاد و تاجیک اسماعیلی، عزیز الله (1398).شناسایی عوامل زمینهساز خیانت زناشویی در زنان. فصلنامه علمی پژوهش های مشاوره، ۱۸(۷۱)، ۱۲۱-۱۵۴.
بابازاده، علی اکبر (1393). مسائل ازدواج و حقوق خانواده. قم: انتشارات دانش و ادب.
بشیر پور، سجاد و میری، میر نادر (1397). نقش واسطه ای بی اشتیاقی اخلاقی در رابطة بین صفات تاریک شخصیت و استعداد خیانت زناشویی. مجله روانشناسی، 22(3)، 286-271.
بک، آ.ت. (1921). عشق هرگز کافی نیست. ترجمه مهرداد فیروز بخت (1393). تهران: پیکان.
روشن، محمد و خلیل زاده، محمدمهدی (1392). حقوق خانواده در برابر پخش برنامه های ماهواره ای. فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، 4(9)، 523-507.
صلایانی، فایزه؛ اصغری ابراهیم آباد، محمدجواد؛ رسول زاده طباطبائی، کاظم و عباس زاده روگوشوئی، راضیه (1399). نقش واسطه اي سبک هاي عشق ورزي در رابطه بين ويژگي هاي شخصيتي و رضايت زناشويي. مجلة روانشناسی، 24(1)، 40-23.
عجم، علی اکبر (1395). تأثیر آموزش های مستقیم و غیر مستقیم ماهواره ای بر تعارض زناشویی و نگرش به خیانت زناشویی. دو فصلنامه مطالعات اسلام و روانشناسی، 10(18)، 146-125.
فتحی، منصور؛ پروین، ستار و جوادیان، سید رضا (1395). مقایسه علل بی وفایی مردان و زنان در روابط زناشویی: یک مطالعه کیفی. مجله تحقیقات کیفی در علوم سلامت، 5 (4)، 418-401.
فتحی، منصور؛ فکر آزاد، حسین؛ غفاری، غلامرضا و بوالهری، جعفر (1392). عوامل زمینه ساز بی وفایی زناشویی زنان. فصلنامة رفاه اجتماعی، 51، 137-109.
فروم، اریک (1962). هنر عشق ورزیدن. ترجمه پوری سلطانی (1369). تهران: انتشارات مروارید.
کریمی، سارا؛ یوسفی، رحیم و سلیمانی، مهران (1398). رواسازی پرسشنامه خیانت زناشویی. نشریه علمی روانشناسی بالینی و شخصیت، 17(1)، 248-237.
گلاسر، کارولین؛ گلاسر، ویلیام (2004). ازدواج بدون شکست. ترجمه سمیهخوش نیتنیکو و هدیبرازنده (1398). انتشارات محقق.
مؤمنی جاوید، مهرآور و شعاع کاظمی، مهرانگیز(1397). دیدگاه های نظری خیانت زناشویی و بهبود روابط با تأکید بر راهبردهای عملی مشاوره ای. تهران: آوای نور.
Alexopoulos, C., Timmermans, E., & McNallie, J. (2020). Swiping more, committing less: Unraveling the links among dating app use, dating app success, and intention to commit infidelity. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 172-180.
Ateş, G. (2018). Associated factors of subjective well-being in married individuals: Online infidelity tendency, gender roles, and marital satisfaction. PhD thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
Azrin, N. H., Naster, B. J., & Jones, R. (1973). Reciprocity counseling: A rapid learning-based procedure for marital counseling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 11(4), 365-382.
Balon, R. (2015) Is Infidelity Biologically Determined? European Psychiatry. 30(S1): 28-31.
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychology, 3(3), 265–299.
Barbaro, N., Sela, Y., Atari, M., Shackelford, T. K., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2019). Romantic attachment and mate retention behavior: The mediating role of perceived risk of partner infidelity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(3), 940-956.
Barbaro, N., Pham, M. N., & Shackelford, T. K. (2015). Solving the problem of partner infidelity: Individual mate retention, coalitional mate retention, and in-pair copulation frequency. Personality and Individual Differences, 82, 67-71.
Bashirpour, M., Shafi’abadi, A., & Doukaneifard, F. (2020). Factors affecting the tendency to marital infidelity: A grounded theory study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 8(4), 16-27.
Birnbaum, G. E., Mizrahi, M., Kovler, L., Shutzman, B., Aloni-Soroker, A., & Reis, H. T. (2019). Our fragile relationships: Relationship threat and its effect on the allure of alternative mates. Archives of sexual behavior, 48(3), 703-713.
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect. American journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 664.
Brewer, G., & Abell, L. (2015). Machiavellianism and sexual behavior: Motivations, deception and infidelity. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 186-191.
Brewer, G., Hunt, D., James, G., & Abell, L. (2015). Dark Triad traits, infidelity and romantic revenge. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 122-127.
Burchell, J. L., & Ward, J. (2011). Sex drive, attachment style, relationship status and previous infidelity as predictors of sex differences in romantic jealousy. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(5), 657-661.
Buss, D. M. (2018). Sexual and emotional infidelity: Evolved gender differences in jealousy prove robust and replicable. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 155-160.
Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). Susceptibility to infidelity in the first year of marriage. Journal of research in personality, 31(2), 193-221.
Buss, D. M., Larsen, R. J., Westen, D., & Semmelroth, J. (1992). Sex differences in jealousy: Evolution, physiology, and psychology. Psychological science, 3(4), 251-256.
Cherkas, L. F., Oelsner, E. C., Mak, Y., Valdes, A., & Spector, T. D. (2004). Genetic influences on female infidelity and number of sexual partners in humans: a linkage and association study of the role of the vasopressin receptor gene (AVPR1A). Twin Research and Human Genetics, 7(6), 649-658.
Colossi, P. M., & Falcke, D. (2019). Implications of Experiences in the Family of Origin and Infidelity in Violence Loving Relationships. Trends in Psychology, 27(2), 339-355.
Darab, M., Bahrami, F., & Etemadi, O. (2020). Sexual Infidelity as an Attachment Injury in Iranian Women: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 61(6), 385-405.
Dehaji, N. S.-e., Chale, S., Dehghani, S., Hedayati, F. S., & Ebrahimi, M. (2020). The role of psychological factors and marital satisfaction in predicting of extramarital relations among married women in Yazd. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research, 10(2), 92-95.
Ellis, A. (2003). The nature of disturbed marital interaction. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 21(3-4), 147-153.
Fife, S. T., Stewart, C. M., & Hawkins, L. G. (2019). Family-of-Origin, Sexual Attitudes, and Perceptions of Infidelity: A Mediation Analysis. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 1-18.
Fincham, F. D., & May, R. W. (2017). Infidelity in romantic relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 70-74.
Fye, M. A., & Mims, G. A. (2019). Preventing Infidelity: A Theory of Protective Factors. The Family Journal, 27(1), 22-30.
Garza, L. (2020). The Role of Gender and Attitudes Toward Infidelity in Therapists’ Treatment Decisions for Couples Presenting with Physical Infidelity. PhD thesis, Clinical Psychology Department, Fielding Graduate University.
Gerbner, G. (1969). Toward” cultural indicators”: The analysis of mass mediated public message systems. AV communication review, 17 (2), 137-148.
Gewirtz-Meydan, A. (2017). Why do narcissistic individuals engage in sex? Exploring sexual motives as a mediator for sexual satisfaction and function. Personality and Individual Differences, 105(1), 7-13.
González-Rivera, J. A., Aquino-Serrano, F., & Pérez-Torres, E. M. (2020). Relationship Satisfaction and Infidelity-Related Behaviors on Social Networks: A Preliminary Online Study of Hispanic Women. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 10(1), 297-309.
Guadagno, R. E., & Sagarin, B. J. (2010). Sex differences in jealousy: An evolutionary perspective on online infidelity. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(10), 2636-655.
Hackathorn, J., & Ashdown, B. K. (2020). The Webs We Weave: Predicting Infidelity Motivations and Extradyadic Relationship Satisfaction. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-13.
Haring, M., Hewitt, P.L., and G.L. Flett, (2003). Perfectionism, Coping, and Quality of Intimate Relationships, Journal of Marriage and Family, 65: 143-158.
Haseli, A., Shariati, M., Nazari, A. M., Keramat, A., & Emamian, M. H. (2019). Infidelity and Its Associated Factors: A Systematic Review. The journal of sexual medicine. 16(8), 1155-1169.
Himuro-Fitzgerald, N. F. (2019). The Role of Interdependence in Adult Romantic Attachment and Infidelity in Asian Americans. PhD thesis, Alliant International University.
Hoe, S. L. (2008). Issues and procedures in adopting structural equation modeling technique. Journal of applied quantitative methods, 3(1), 76-83.
Houghton, D., Pressey, A., & Istanbulluoglu, D. (2020). Who needs social networking? An empirical enquiry into the capability of Facebook to meet human needs and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106153.
Ibrahim, M. A., Malek, M. A. A., Mohamad, N., Hoesni, S. M., & Sulaiman, S. W. (2019). Narcissistic Personality, Love Styles And Love Satisfaction As Predictors To Infidelity. e-Bangi, 16(7). 1823-884x
Isma, M. N. P., & Turnip, S. S. (2019). Personality traits and marital satisfaction in predicting couples’ attitudes toward infidelity. Journal of Relationships Research, 10.
Jahan, Y., Chowdhury, A. S., Rahman, S. A., Chowdhury, S., Khair, Z., Huq, K. E., & Rahman, M. M. (2017). Factors involving extramarital affairs among married adults in Bangladesh. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 4(5), 1379-1386.
Jeanfreau, M. M., & Mong, M. (2019). Barriers to Marital Infidelity. Marriage & Family Review, 55(1), 23-37.
Jeanfreau, M.M., Jurich, A.P. and Mong, M.D. (2014). Risk Factors Associated with Woman’s Marital Infidelity. Contemporary Family Therapy Journal. 36(3). 327-332.
Jeanfreau , M. M. (2009). A qualitative study investigating the decision-making process of women’s participation in marital infidelity. PhD thesis, Department of Family Studies and Human Services College of Human Ecology, Kansas state University Manhattan, Kansas.
Jia, T. L., Ing, H. K., & Lee, M. C. C. (2016). A Review Of Personality Factors On Relationship Infidelity. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 30(1).
Kline, R. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 1998. New York: Guilford.
Kwena, Z., Mwanzo, I., Shisanya, C., Camlin, C., Turan, J., Achiro, L., & Bukusi, E. (2014). Predictors of extra-marital partnerships among women married to fishermen along Lake Victoria in Kisumu County, Kenya. PloS one, 9(4), e95298.
Lalasz, C. B., & Weigel, D. J. (2011). Understanding the relationship between gender and extradyadic relations: The mediating role of sensation seeking on intentions to engage in sexual infidelity. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1079-1083.
Lewandowski, G. W., & Ackerman, R. A. (2006). Something’s missing: Need fulfillment and self-expansion as predictors of susceptibility to infidelity. The Journal of social psychology, 146(4), 389-403.
Liu, Y., & Zheng, L. (2020). Relationships between the Big Five, narcissistic personality traits, and online sexual activities. Personality and Individual Differences, 152, 109593.
Lopes, G. S., Holub, A. M., Savolainen, J., Schwartz, J. A., & Shackelford, T. K. (2020). Sex differences in cognitive and moral appraisals of infidelity: Evidence from an experimental survey of reactions to the petraeus affair. Personality and Individual Differences, 156, 109765.
Mattingly, B. A., Wilson, K., Clark, E. M., Bequette, A. W., & Weidler, D. J. (2010). Foggy faithfulness: Relationship quality, religiosity, and the perceptions of dating infidelity scale in an adult sample. Journal of Family Issues, 31(11), 1465-1480.
Maxwell, J. A., Muise, A., MacDonald, G., Day, L. C., Rosen, N. O., & Impett, E. A. (2017). How implicit theories of sexuality shape sexual and relationship well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112(2), 238.
McDaniel, B. T., Drouin, M., & Cravens, J. D. (2017). Do you have anything to hide? Infidelity-related behaviors on social media sites and marital satisfaction. Computers in human behavior, 66, 88-95.
McQuitty, Sh. (2004). Statistical power and structural equation models in business research. Journal of Business Research. 57(2), 175-183.
Mileham, B. L. A. (2007). Online infidelity in Internet chat rooms: An ethnographic exploration. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(1), 11-31.
Munsch, C. L. (2015). Her support, his support: Money, masculinity, and marital infidelity. American Sociological Review, 80(3), 469-495.
O’Kelley, K. (2019). New Employees and Safety Culture: A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective. Professional Safety, 64(02), 37-40.
Özkul, K. (2020). Dishonesty in close relationships: The effect of the dark triad personality traits and adult attachment styles on the perceptions of infedelity. Ph.D thesis, Social Sciences, Middle East Technical University.
Roman, D. (2020). Justifications of Internet Infidelity in Romanian Women with Extra-Dyadic Affairs: A Qualitative Study Proposal. New Trends in Psychology, 2(1). 93-107.
Rosenberg, K. P., & Feder, L. C. (2014). An introduction to behavioral addictions. Behavioral Addictions,1-17
Russell, M. V., Baker, L. R., McNulty, J. K. (2013). Attachment insecurity and infidelity in marriage: Do studies of dating relationships really inform us about marriage? Journal of Family Psychology, 27, 242–251.
Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of educational research, 99(6), 323-338.
Selterman, D., Garcia, J. R., & Tsapelas, I. (2019). Motivations for extradyadic infidelity revisited. The Journal of Sex Research, 56(3), 273-286.
Sevi, B., Urganci, B., & Sakman, E. (2020). Who cheats? An examination of light and dark personality traits as predictors of infidelity. Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 110126.
Shah, R., & Goldstein, S. M. (2006). Use of structural equation modeling in operations management research: Looking back and forward. Journal of Operations management, 24(2), 148-169.
Sharifinia, A., Nejati, M., Bayazi, M. H., & Motamedi, H. (2019). Investigating the Relationship Between Addiction to Mobile Social Networking with Marital Commitment and Extramarital Affairs in Married Students at Quchan Azad University. Contemporary Family Therapy, 41(4), 401-407
Shrout, M. R., & Weigel, D. J. (2020). Coping with infidelity: The moderating role of self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 154.
Sivo, S. A., Fan, X., Witta, E. L., & Willse, J. T. (2006). The search for” optimal” cutoff properties: Fit index criteria in structural equation modeling. The Journal of Experimental Education, 74(3), 267-288.
Starratt, V. G., Weekes-Shackelford, V., & Shackelford, T. K. (2017). Mate value both positively and negatively predicts intentions to commit an infidelity. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 18-22.
Szabó, E., & Jones, D. N. (2019). Gender differences moderate Machiavellianism and impulsivity: Implications for Dark Triad research. Personality and Individual Differences, 141, 160-165.
TaghiPour, M. , Ismail, A., Jaafar, W. M. W., & Yusop, Y. M. (2019). Infidelity in Marital Relationships. Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal, 4, 1-14
Tagler, M. J. (2010). Sex differences in jealousy: Comparing the influence of previous infidelity among college students and adults. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(4), 353-360.
Thapa, R., Yang, Y., & Nget, M. (2019). Perceptions of Sexual Infidelity in Rural Cambodia: A Qualitative Study of Adolescent Men. American journal of men’s health, 13(3), 1-11.
Timmermans, E., & Courtois, C. (2018). From swiping to casual sex and/or committed relationships: Exploring the experiences of Tinder users. The Information Society, 34(2), 59-70.
Turliuc, M. N., & Scutaru, E. L. (2014). Construction and Validation of Emotional Responses to Sexual Infidelity Scale–ERSIS. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 473-479.
Vossler, A., & Moller, N. P. (2020). Internet Affairs: Partners’ Perceptions and Experiences of Internet Infidelity. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 46(1), 67-77.
Weiser, D. A., Weigel, D. J., Lalasz, C. B., & Evans, W. P. (2017). Family background and propensity to engage in infidelity. Journal of Family Issues, 38(15), 2083-2101.
Weiser, D. A., & Weigel, D. J. (2015). Investigating experiences of the infidelity partner: Who is the “Other Man/Woman”? Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 176-181.
Whisman, M. A. (2016). Discovery of a partner affair and major depressive episode in a probability sample of married or cohabiting adults. Family process, 55(4), 713-723.
Yeniceri, Z., & Kökdemir, D. (2006). University student perceptions of and explanations for infidelity: The development of the infidelity questionnaire (INFQ). Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 34(6), 639-650.
Yuan, S., & Weiser, D. A. (2019). Relationship dissolution following marital infidelity: comparing European Americans and Asian Americans. Marriage & Family Review, 55, 1-20.
Yucel, D., & Gassanov, M. A. (2010). Exploring actor and partner correlates of sexual satisfaction among married couples. Social Science Research, 39(5), 725-738.
Zare, B. (2011). Review of studies on infidelity. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, 19(2), 182-186.
Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation Seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbraum Associates.