آیا همه‌گیری فرسودگی شغلی یک افسانه آکادمیک است؟ مروری سیستماتیک بر ابزارهای تخمین شیوع و ارزیابی فرسودگی شغلی و معرفی ابزارهای جدید

چکیده مقاله :

علی‌رغم زمان سپری شده از زمان معرفی و چارچوب‌بندی نشانگان فرسودگی شغلی و حجم عظیمی از پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده، تعریف و اندازه‌گیری آن هنوز بحث‌برانگیز است. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی و مقایسه ویژگی‌های روانسنجی ده ابزار فرسودگی شغلی بود. یک جست‌وجوی سیستماتیک برای یافتن مطالعاتی با هدف تدوین و انتشار یک پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی، در پایگاه PsycINFO، science Direct، Scopus، Medline، PubMed، Embase، Cochrane، Google Scholar، Web of Science و Ovid databases انجام شد. استراتژی‌های جست‌وجو منجر به 1202 مطالعه واجد شرایط احتمالی شد. عناوین و چکیده این مطالعات غربالگری شدند که منجر به 11 مطالعه احتمالی برای ورود شدند. سپس انواع روایی و پایایی هریک از ابزارها در نسخه اصلی تدوین شده توسط مولفان ارزیابی شد. به‌علاوه حساسیت یا نقطه برش تشخیص بیمار از غیر بیمار و سازگاری بین مفهوم‌سازی و اندازه‌گیری فرسودگی شغلی در هر ابزار بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد BAT کامل‌ترین ویژگی‌های روانسنجی را دارد و AVEM و CBI و در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار می‌گیرند. همچنین بین مفهوم‌سازی و اندازه‌گیری فرسودگی شغلی در BAT سازگاری وجود دارد و دارای نقطه برش تشخیص فرسوده از غیر‌فرسوده است. ابزار رایج و معروف فرسودگی شغلی مسلش (MBI) علاوه بر نداشتن نقطه برش و نداشتن ویژگی‌های روانسنجی کافی، دارای اشکالات جدی است. پژوهش حاضر نشان داد پژوهشگران آتی بایستی از ابزارهایی با ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی معتبرتر برای ارزیابی و شیوع شناسی فرسودگی شغلی استفاده کنند تا بتوانند به نتایج واقعی و کاربردی برای پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی مداخلات فرسودگی شغلی دست‌یابند.

چکیده انگلیسی :

Despite the time that has passed since the introduction and conceptualization of burnout syndrome and the vast amount of research conducted, its definition and measurement remain controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine and compare the psychometric properties of ten burnout assessment tools. A systematic search was conducted across databases including PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Ovid to identify studies aimed at developing and publishing a burnout questionnaire. The search strategies resulted in 1,202 potentially eligible studies. The titles and abstracts of these studies were screened, leading to the identification of 11 potential studies for inclusion. The various forms of validity and reliability of each tool, as presented in the original version developed by the authors, were then evaluated. The sensitivity or cutoff point for distinguishing between clinical and non-clinical cases, as well as the consistency between the conceptualization and measurement of burnout in each tool, were examined. The study found that the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) has the most robust psychometric properties, with AVEM and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) following. The BAT is consistent in its conceptualization and measurement of burnout and includes a cutoff point for diagnosis. In contrast, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) lacks a cutoff point, has inadequate psychometric properties, and significant flaws. The study recommends that future researchers use more reliable tools for assessing and studying burnout to achieve accurate and practical outcomes.

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