The Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Intervention on Impulsivity among the Students Experienced Romantic Breakup
Subject Areas : PsychologyMohsen Badakhshan 1 , Mehdireza Sarafraz 2 * , Mahdi Imani 3
1 - Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 - Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 - Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Keywords: Self-Compassion, Impulsivity, Romantic Breakup, Intervention, Students,
Abstract :
The present study aims at exploring the effectiveness and continuity of the effect of self-compassion intervention on the impulsivity of students who have experienced a romantic breakup. We used a semi-experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up with a control group. The population includes all the students who were studying at 98-99 in Shiraz universities. We selected 27 students (12 in the experimental and 15 in the control group) by convenience sampling, in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. To gather the data, Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were used. In the experimental group, Neff’s self-compassion intervention was conducted (in eight sixty-minute sessions), but there was no intervention in the control group. Finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. Results demonstrated that self-compassion intervention was effective in decreasing impulsivity in the students who have experienced romantic breakups; the effectiveness also continued in the one-month follow-up. Self-compassion could decrease impulsivity by reducing the unpleasant feeling stemming from falling the self-worth and self-esteem occurring after a romantic breakup. It also decreases impulsivity by increasing self-awareness and self-control.
خسروی، صدالله؛ صادقی، مجید؛ یابنده، محمدرضا. (1392). كفایت روانسنجی مقیاس شفقت خود (SCS). روش¬ها و مدل¬های روان شناختی 13. 59-47.
صلایانی، فائزه؛ اصغری ابراهیم آباد، محمد جواد؛ رسول زاده طباطبائی، کاظم؛ عباسزاده روگوشویی. (1399). نقش واسطهای سبک¬های عشق ورزی در رابطه بین ویژگیهای شخصیتی و رضایت زناشویی. مجله روانشناسی 24(1). 40-23.
عسکری، فاطمه. (1393). مقایسه مهارت های مقابله ای، تکانشگری و اختلالات رفتاری در سه گروه نوجوانان بی سرپرست، بد سرپرست و عادی (پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد). دانشگاه شیراز، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی.
گرمر، کریستوفر. (2009). شفقت خود از مسیر بهشیاری: رهایی از افکار و هیجانات مخرب. مترجم: سرافراز، مهدیرضا؛ عبدالشاهی، حمیدرضا. (1399). تهران: بینش نو.
مهبد، مینا؛ خرمایی، فرهاد. (1397). پیشبینی سرزندگی تحصیلی براساس ویژگیهای شخصیتی با واسطهگری خودشفقتورزی. مجلهی روانشناسی 22(4). 466-448.
یزدانی، فرزانه؛ شیخ الاسلامی، راضیه. (1398). رابطه بین کمالگرایی و بهزیستی فضیلتگرا: نقش واسطهای خودشفقتورزی. مجلهی روانشناسی 23(3). 285-269.
Adams, C. E., & Leary, M. R. (2007). Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 26, 1120 –1144
. Ahmetoglu G, Swami V, Chamorro-Premuzic T. (2010). The relationship between dimensions of love, personality, and relationship length. Archives of sexual behavior. 39(5): 1181-1190
. Barnard, L. K., & Curry, J. F. (2011). Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates, & interventions. Review of general psychology, 15(4), 289-303
. Barry, C. T., Loflin, D. C., & Doucette, H. (2015). Adolescent self-compassion: Associations with narcissism, self-esteem, aggression, and internalize in symptoms in at-risk males. Personality and Individual Differences,77, 118–123
. Drum, D. J., Brownson, C., Burton Denmark, A., & Smith, S. E. (2009). New data on the nature of suicidal crises in college students: Shifting the paradigm. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(3), 213
. Field, T., Diego, M., Pelaez, M., Deeds, O., & Delgado, J. (2009). Breakup distress in university students. Adolescence, 44(176), 705
. Field, T., Diego, M., Pelaez, M., Deeds, O., & Delgado, J. (2012). Breakup effects on university students' perceived academic performance. College Student Journal,46(3), 615-619
. Fisher, H. E. (2014). The Tyranny of Love: Love Addiction-An Anthropologist’s View. In K. P. Rosenberg, L. G. Feder (Eds.), Behavioral Addictions, (pp.237-265). London, NW: Academic Press
. Fisher, H. E., Brown, L. L., Aron, A., Strong, G., & Mashek, D. (2010). Reward, addiction, and emotion regulation systems associated with rejection in love. Journal of neurophysiology, 104(1), 51-60
. Gilbert, P., &Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate Mind Training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13, 353–379
Heatherton, T. F., & Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Binge eating as escape from self-awareness. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), 86–108
. Hebert, S., & Popadiuk, N. (2008). University students' experiences of nonmarital breakups: A grounded theory. Journal of College Student Development, 49(1), 1-14
Koessler, R. B., Kohut, T., & Campbell, L. (2019). When your boo becomes a ghost: The association between breakup strategy and breakup role in experiences of relationship dissolution. Collabra Psychology, 5(1)
Lopez-Cantero, P. (2018). The break-up check: Exploring romantic love through relationship terminations. Philosophia, 46(3), 689-703
. Mantzios, M., & Wilson, J. C. (2013). Moderating the negative relationship between impulsivity and weight loss through self-compassion. Appetite, 71, 481
. Moeller, F. G., Barratt, E. S., Dougherty, D. M., Schmitz, J. M., & Swann, A. C. (2001). Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158,1783–1793
Morley, R. H. (2017). The Effect of Self-Compassion on Impulsivity Provoked by a Reduction in Self-Esteem. Current Psychology, pp. 1–6. Springer New York LLC
. Morley, R. M., Terranova, V. A., Cunningham, S. N., & Kraft, G. (2016).Self-compassion and predictors of criminality. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 1–15
. Morris, C. E., & Reiber, C. (2011). Frequency, intensity and expression of post-relationship grief.EvoS Journal: The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium,3(1), 1-11
. Murphy, C. M., Stosny, S., & Morrel, T. M. (2005). Change in self-esteem and physical aggression during treatment for partner violent men. Journal of Family Violence, 20(4), 201
. Najib, A.,Lorberbaum, J. P., Kose, S., Bohning, D. E., & George, M. S. (2004). Regional brain activity in women grieving a romantic relationship breakup. American Journal of Psychiatry,161(12), 2245-2256
. Neff, K. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250
. Neff, K. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and identity,2(2), 85-101
. Neff, K. D., & Costigan, A. P. (2014). Self-compassion, wellbeing, and happiness. Psychologie in Österreich, 2(3), 114-119
. Neff, K. D., & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: two different ways of relating to oneself .Journal of Personality,77(1), 23–50
. Nishitani, N., Sasamori, H., Ohmura, Y., Yoshida, T., & Yoshioka, M. (2019). Blonanserin suppresses impulsive action in rats. Journal of pharmacological sciences,141(3), 127-130
. Primeau, J. E. (2013).Romantic breakup and college student adjustment: Attachment dimensions, patterns of grief, and sex(Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University)
. Rimkeviciene, J., O'Gorman, J., & Leo, D.D. (2015). Impulsive suicide attempts: a systematic literature review of definitions, characteristics and risk factors. Journal of affective disorders, 171, 93-104
Sbarra, D. A., Smith, H. L., & Mehl, M. R. (2012). When leaving your ex, love yourself: observational ratings of self-compassion predict the course of emotional recovery following marital separation. Journal of Psychological Science, 23(3): 261-269
. Shimek, C., & Bello, R. (2014). Coping with Break-Ups: Rebound Relationships and Gender Socialization. Social Sciences, 3(1), 24–43
Sprecher, S., Zimmerman, C., & Abrahams, E. M. (2010). Choosing compassionate strategies to end a relationship. Social psychology
. Tashiro, T. Y., & Frazier, P. (2003). “I’ll never be in a relationship like that again”: Personal growth following romantic relationship breakups. Personal Relationships, 10(1), 113-128
. Wagner, D. D., & Heatherton, T. F. (2015). Self-regulation and its failure: the seven deadly threats to self-regulation. APA Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 805–842
. Webb, J. B., & Forman, M. J. (2013). Evaluating the indirect effect of self-compassion on binge eating severity through cognitive–affective self-regulatory pathways. Eating behaviors, 14(2), 224-228
.