نگرش به زمان در نوجوانان ایرانی: یک مطالعۀ کیفی
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
هیمن خضری آذر
1
*
,
الهه حجازی
2
,
جواد اژه ای
3
,
مسعود غلامعلی لواسانی
4
1 - دانشگاه تهران
2 - دانشگاه تهران
3 - دانشگاه تهران
4 - دانشگاه تهران
کلید واژه: زمان نگرش به زمان نوجوانان,
چکیده مقاله :
به دلیل تأثیر فرهنگ بر شکل گیري نگرش به زمان، بررسی مؤلفه های آن در جامعه ایران با شرایط فرهنگی – اجتماعی خاص خود از اهمیت بسیاری برخوردار است. بر همین اساس، با روش کیفی به شیوة مصاحبه گروه کانونی و طرح نظریة داده بنیاد به بررسی چگونگی مفهوم سازی زمان و نگرش به زمان از دیدگاه نوجوانان پرداخته شد. شرکت کنندگان در پژوهش 45 نفر (23 پسر و 22 دختر) بین سنین 15 تا 17 با میانگین سنی 20/16 بودند. سه گروه کانونی در مدارس دخترانه و سه گروه کانونی در مدارس پسرانه تشکیل شد. پاسخ های دانش آموزان در رابطه با برداشت آنان از زمان در چهار مقولة ساعت، فشار و محدودیت، ساخته ذهن بودن و استعاره بودن زمان، طبقه بندی شد. نتایج کدگذاری باز و محوری برای دوره های زمانی گذشته، حال و آینده نشان داد که این دوره در فرهنگ ایرانی برای نوجوانان شامل هشت مقوله آیندة مثبت، آیندة منفی، حال لذت گرا، حال منفی، حال آینده نگر، گذشتة مثبت، گذشتة منفی و پذیرش گذشته است. با مقایسه یافته های به دست آمده با پژوهش های دیگر، در مجموع می توان نتیجه گرفت که نگرش به زمان، فرهنگ وابسته است و شرایط فرهنگی - اجتماعی بر نگرش به زمان نوجوانان تأثیر دارد.
Due to the effect of culture on the formation of time attitude, it is very important to examine the components of time attitude in Iran with its certain cultural-social conditions. Therefore, this investigation attempts to study time and time attitude conceptualization from the perspective of adolescents with a qualitative method, interview with focus group, and grounded theory approach. Participants in this study was 45 adolescents (23 boys and 22 girls) aging 15 to 17 years old with the average age of 16.20. Three focus groups were composed in male students school, and three focus groups were constituted in female students schools. Their responses regarding their perception of time were categorized in four categories of ‘hours’, ‘pressure and limitation’, ‘mental construct’, and ‘time as a metaphor’. The results of open and axial coding for past, present and future shows that this period of life in Iranian adolescents contains eight categories of positive future, negative future, hedonist present, negative present, futurist present, positive past, negative past, and past acceptance. Comparing with other findings, in general, time attitude is cultural based and cultural-social conditions affect time attitude adolescents’.
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