اثربخشی مداخلة پیشگیرانة اولیه بر عامل‌های خطر/مراقبتیِ رفتار مصرف مواد در نوجوانان: یک کارآزمایی کنترل شدة تصادفی

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثربخشی مداخلة پیشگیرانة اولیه بر عامل‌های خطر/مراقبتیِ رفتار مصرف مواد در نوجوانان بود. در این پژوهشِ تمام‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل همراه با پیگیری 3 ماهه، از جامعة آماری نوجوانان دور اول متوسطه و والدین آنها در منطقة 19 آموزش پرورش شهر تهران، تعداد 60 نوجوان انتخاب و به روش کاملاً تصادفی در گروه‌های آزمایشی (هر گروه 20 مشارکت­کننده)، تخصیص یافتند. مشارکت­کنندگان قبل و بعد از مداخلات آموزشی به پرسشنامة سرمایة اجتماعی برای دانش‌آموزان نوجوان (پایوا و همکاران، 2014) و زمینه‌یاب جوامع مراقبت‌گرِ نوجوان (آرتور و همکاران، 2002) پاسخ دادند. نوجوانانِ گروه‌های آزمایشی، از طریقِ 10 جلسة هفتگی، پروتکل‌های مداخله‌ای پیشگیرانة اولیة معطوف بر رفتار جستجوی مواد و والدین نیز در یکی از گروه‌های آزمایشی، مداخله‌ای آموزشیِ مشتمل بر 3 جلسه را دریافت کردند. یافته های حاصل از طرح تحلیل واریانس عاملی آمیخته نشان داد که مداخلة پیشگیرانة اولیه بر کاهش عامل‌های خطر و افزایش عامل‌های مراقبتی رفتار مصرف مواد در نوجوانان موثر بوده است. نتایج این پژوهش ضمن دفاع از آموزه‌های منتج از مدل تحول اجتماعی، به مثابة نظامی چندوجهی‌نگر و پوشانندة مواضعِ رویکرد نفوذ اجتماعی و رویکرد افزایش شایستگی در بافتار مداخلات پیشگیرانة معطوف بر رفتار مصرف مواد در نوجوانان، مصونیت آنها در قبال رفتار جستجوی مواد را افزایش داده و بطور همزمان جمیعِ زمینه‌سازهای رفتاری را متاثر می­سازد.

چکیده انگلیسی :

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a primary prevention intervention on the risk and protective factors related to substance use behavior in adolescents. This experimental research utilized a pretest-posttest control group design with a three-month follow-up. The study population comprised middle school students and their parents from District 19 of the Tehran Education Department. A total of 60 adolescents were randomly selected and assigned to experimental groups (each group containing 20 participants). Before and after the educational interventions, participants completed the Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescents (Payva et al., 2014) and the Communities That Care Youth Survey (Arthur et al., 2002). Adolescents in the experimental groups underwent 10 weekly sessions of primary prevention intervention protocols focused on substance-seeking behavior. Additionally, parents in one of the experimental groups attended an educational intervention comprising three sessions. The mixed ANOVA results indicated that the primary prevention intervention effectively reduced the risk factors and increased the protective factors associated with substance use behavior in adolescents. Overall, the findings support the social development model as a comprehensive and multifaceted framework that integrates approaches like the social influence approach and the competency enhancement approach within the context of substance use prevention in adolescents. The study suggests that adolescents' resilience against substance-seeking behavior can be effectively enhanced by simultaneously addressing all contributing factors.

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