The Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Academic Procrastination with the Mediating Role of Personality Traits and Perfectionism
Subject Areas : Psychology
sadegh
hekmatiyan fard
1
(Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.)
Seyed Mousa
Golestaneh
2
(Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.)
Keywords: Early Maladaptive schemas, Academic procrastination, Personality Traits, Perfectionism, Students,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Academic procrastination with the mediating role of personality traits and perfectionism. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational and was performed by structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of 8640 students of Persian Gulf University in 1400. 301 students were selected by available sampling method and completed the maladaptive schemas questionnaire (ISQ), active procrastination scale (APS), passive procrastination scale (PPS), Hexaco personality questionnaire (HPQ) and multidimensional perfectionist structures questionnaire (MPCQ) Structural equation model and SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. The results of structural equation model showed that the direct relationship between maladaptive schema variable with perfectionism and maladaptive schema with personality traits is significant. Also, the direct relationship between personality traits and Academic procrastination was significant, but the direct relationship between perfectionism and Academic procrastination was not significant. Indirect relationships of incompatible schema with Academic procrastination were also significant through personality traits, but indirect relationships of incompatible schema with Academic procrastination through perfectionism were not significant. Based on the research findings, we conclude that maladaptive schemas are well associated with Academic procrastination through personality traits. At the end, the necessary suggestions were presented.
بشیرپور، سجاد، طاهری فرد، مینا و محمدی، گلاویژ (1398). ویژگیهای روان سنجی نسخه فارسی فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه شخصیتی هگزاکو- 24 سؤالی در دانشجویان. فصلنامه اندازه‌گیری تربیتی، 9(36)، 89-65.
بازدار، خالد و موسوی، سید اصغر (1397). بررسی و تحلیل نقش طرحوارههای ناسازگار اولیه و کمالگرایی منفی در پیش‌بینی طلاق عاطفی بین زوجین. فصلنامه فرهنگی- تربیتی زنان و خانواده، 13(43)، 116-93.
درتاج، فریبرز و مهرعلیان، ابراهیم (1397). اثربخشی امید درمانی بر اهمال کاری تحصیلی دانش آموزان مقطع دبیرستان شهر قزوین. فصلنامه روانشناسی تربیتی دانشگاه علامه تربیتی، 14(48)، 86-73.
سرشار، عاطفه، ملتفت، قوام و نیکدل، فریبرز (1396). بررسی رابطة کمالگرایی و سازگاری هیجانی با نقش واسطه باورهای انگیزشی. مجله روانشناسی، 21(4)، 427-412.
شهنی ییلاق، منیجه، مهرابی‌زاده هنرمند، مهناز، حقیقی، جمال و سلامتی، عباس (1385). بررسی میزان شیوع تعلل و تأثیر آموزش مدیریت زمان و مدیریت رفتار بر کاهش آن در بین نوجوانان شهر اهواز. مجله علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، 13(3)، 1-30.
کلائی راد، مهرنوش، مدنی پور، نادیا و صالحی، مهدیه (1399). رابطه کمالگرایی و طرحوارههای ناسازگار اولیه با سندرم ایمپاستر در دختران دانشجو. فصلنامه تعالی مشاوره و روان در مانی، 9(36)، 33-24.
معتمديگانه، نگین و شکری، امید (1392). آزمون روانسنجی سیاهه شناختارهای کمال‌گرايی چندبعدی. فصلنامه روانشناسی تحولی روانشناسان ايرانی، 1(38)، 185- 175.
نصیری جونقابی، مهناز، اصغری، فرهاد و پور صفر، علی (1400) بررسی رابطه ساختاری طرحوارههای ناسازگار اولیه، تمایزیافتگی خود و عملکرد جنسی با تمایل به روابط فرازناشویی. مجله روانشناسی، 25(3)، 349-329.
نادی، محمد علی، عزیزی، هاجر و مسجدی، نفیسه (1398). رابطه بین ویژگیهای شخصیتی، رفتار اخلاقی و احساس گناه با رفتار شهروندی اجباری. مجله روانشناسی، 23(1)98-83.
هاشمی، تورج؛ مصطفوی، فریده؛ ماشینچی عباسی، نعیمه و بدری، رحیم (1391). نقش جهت گیري هدف، خودکارآمدي خودتنظیم گري و شخصیت در تعلل ورزي، روانشناسی معاصر، 7(1)، 84-73.
یعقوبی، ابوالقاسم و قلائی، بهروز (1394). عوامل مرتبط با تعلل‌ورزی تحصیلی، مجله روانشناسی تربیتی، 11(37)، 185- 161.
یوسفی، رحیم، عابدین، علیرضا؛ تیرگری، عبدالحکیم و فتح آبادی، جلیل (1389). اثربخشی مداخله آموزشی مبتنی بر مدل طرحواره ها در ارتقاء رضایت زناشویی. مجله روانشناسی بالینی، 3(7)، 38- 25.
Akinsola, M. K., Tella, A., & Tella, A. (2007). Correlates of academic procrastination and mathematics achievement of university undergraduate students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, science and technology education, 3(4), 363-370.
Antoine, P., Antoine, C., & Nandrino, J. L. (2008). Development and validation of the cognitive inventory of subjective distress. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: A journal of the psychiatry of late life and allied sciences, 23(11), 1175-1181.
Birkás, B., Láng, A., & Meskó, N. (2018). Self-rated attractiveness moderates the relationship between dark personality traits and romantic ideals in women. Psychological Reports, 121(1), 184-200.
Bach, B., Lockwood, G., & Young, J. E. (2018). A new look at the schema therapy model: organization and role of early maladaptive schemas. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 47(4), 328-349.
Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Hankin, B. L. (2013). Early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of anxious automatic thoughts. Journal of anxiety disorders, 27(3), 278-288.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological assessment, 4(1), 5.
Choi, J. N., & Moran, S. V. (2009). Why not procrastinate? Development and validation of a new active procrastination scale. The Journal of social psychology, 149(2), 195-212.
Chun Chu, A. H., & Choi, J. N. (2005). Rethinking procrastination: Positive effects of" active" procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance. The Journal of social psychology, 145(3), 245-264.
Cámara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas as moderators of the impact of stressful events on anxiety and depression in university students. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(1), 58-68.
Castro, J., Soares, M. J., Pereira, A. T., & Macedo, A. (2017). Perfectionism and negative/positive affect associations: the role of cognitive emotion regulation and perceived distress/coping. Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy, 39, 77-87.
Chowdhury, S. F., & Pychyl, T. A. (2018). A critique of the construct validity of active procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 7-12.
Díaz-Morales, J. F., Cohen, J. R., & Ferrari, J. R. (2008). An integrated view of personality styles related to avoidant procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(6), 554-558.
Dozois, D. J., Bieling, P. J., Patelis-Siotis, I., Hoar, L., Chudzik, S., McCabe, K., & Westra, H. A. (2009). Changes in self-schema structure in cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 77(6), 1078.
De Vries, R. E., Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2009). De zes belangrijkste persoonlijkheidsdimensies en de HEXACO Persoonlijkheidsvragenlijst. Gedrag & Organisatie, 22(3).
De Vries, R. E. (2013). The 24-item brief HEXACO inventory (BHI). Journal of Research in Personality, 47(6), 871-880.
Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2015). Measures of perfectionism. In Measures of personality and social psychological constructs (pp. 595-618). Academic Press.
Hill, R. W., Huelsman, T. J., Furr, R. M., Kibler, J., Vicente, B. B., & Kennedy, C. (2004). A new measure of perfectionism: The Perfectionism Inventory. Journal of personality assessment, 82(1), 80-91.
Hong, J. C., Lee, Y. F., & Ye, J. H. (2021). Procrastination predicts online self-regulated learning and online learning ineffectiveness during the coronavirus lockdown. Personality and individual differences, 174, 110673.
Kobori, O., & Tanno, Y. (2004). Development of multidimensional perfectionism cognition inventory. Japanese Journal of Personality, 13(1), 34-43.
Kim, S., Fernandez, S., & Terrier, L. (2017). Procrastination, personality traits, and academic performance: When active and passive procrastination tell a different story. Personality and Individual differences, 108, 154-157.
Lee, E. (2005). The relationship of motivation and flow experience to academic procrastination in university students. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 166(1), 5-15.
Moghadam, F., Ebrahimi Moghadam, H., & Jahangir, P. (2021). The relationship between perfectionism, early maladaptive schemas, attachment styles, and body image concern by the mediating role of self-esteem in cosmetic surgery applicants. Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care, 7(1), 27-42.
Mason, O., Tyson, M., Jones, C., & Potts, S. (2005). Alexithymia: its prevalence and correlates in a British undergraduate sample. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 78(1), 113-125.
Naki, E. (2019). Determining the effect of reducing procrastination tendency on the academic achievement in physics course. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 11(1), 1-11.
Ozer, Z., & Yetkin, R. (2018). Walking through different paths: Academic self-efficacy and academic procrastination behaviors of pre-service teachers. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14(2), 89-99.
Rothblum, E. D. (1990). Fear of failure. In Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety (pp. 497-537). Springer, Boston, MA. Stead, R., Shanahan, M. J., & Neufeld, R. W. (2010). “I’ll go to therapy, eventually”: Procrastination, stress and mental health. Personality and individual differences, 49(3), 175-180.
Schwarzer, R. G., & Diehl, M. (2000). Compensatory health beliefs. Scale Development and psychometric properties. Available
Thimm, J. C. (2010). Personality and early maladaptive schemas: A five-factor model perspective. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 41(4), 373-380.
Tuckman, B. W. (1991). The development and concurrent validity of the procrastination scale. Educational and psychological measurement, 51(2), 473-480.
Tan, C. X., Ang, R. P., Klassen, R. M., Yeo, L. S., Wong, I. Y., Huan, V. S., & Chong, W. H. (2008). Correlates of academic procrastination and students’ grade goals. Current Psychology, 27(2), 135-144.
Ke, T., & Barlas, J. (2020). Thinking about feeling: Using trait emotional intelligence in understanding the associations between early maladaptive schemas and coping styles. Psychology and Psychotherapy: theory, research and practice, 93(1), 1-20.
Yazıcı, H., & Bulut, R. (2015). Investigation into the academic procrastination of teacher candidates’ social studies with regard to their personality traits. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 2270-2277.#3 Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner′ s guide: New York: Guilford Publication.
Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (2003). Young schema questionnaire—L3a. New York, NY: Cognitive Therapy Centre of New York.
van Wijk-Herbrink, M. F., Bernstein, D. P., Broers, N. J., Roelofs, J., Rijkeboer, M. M., & Arntz, A. (2018). Internalizing and externalizing behaviors share a common predictor: The effects of early maladaptive schemas are mediated by coping responses and schema modes. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 46(5), 907-920.
Van Eerde, W. (2000). Procrastination: Self‐regulation in initiating aversive goals. Applied Psychology, 49(3), 372-389.
Wang, J. (2013). Active and Passive Procrastination of University Students Enrolled in Writing Courses Across Varying Course Delivery Models.