Representation of behaviors and coping styles of children who are victims of parental marital infidelity: A qualitative study
Subject Areas :Fahimeh bahonar 1 , mahya saneeimanesh 2 * , Fatemeh Kianfar 3
1 - University of Isfahan
2 - Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 -
Keywords: Behaviors, Coping Styles, Marital Infidelity, Children,
Abstract :
Marital infidelity is considered a destructive damage in the life of couples, which affects the lives of children in addition to the husband and wife. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the experiences of behaviors and coping styles of adult children affected by parental infidelity. The method of the current research was a qualitative phenomenological type. The population of this study included adult children affected by marital infidelity of their parents in Tehran in 2020. Sampling continued in a purposeful manner until the saturation limit and finally 10 adult children were selected. The research tool was in-depth interviews. In order to analyze the data, the Colaizzi theme analysis method was used. Data analysis led to the production of 2 selective themes, 12 central themes and 45 open themes. The theme of behavioral reactions and ineffective coping styles included: ineffective interpersonal and individual behaviors. The second main theme of behavioral reactions and effective coping styles also includes supportive behaviors, neutrality, logical behaviors; it was relationship management, education and employment, spirituality, finding meaning, seeking help from a therapist, problem solving, and sticking to fun and activity. In sum, the results of this research showed that the behavioral and coping experience of adult children affected by parental marital infidelity is both pleasant and practical and unpleasant and changeable.
آخوندی، محمدباقر؛ و همتی، فاطمه. (1398). مطالعهی زمینه ها و بسترهای شکل گیری فرایند طلاق (مورد مطالعه: شهر مشهد). مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان، 14(2)، 7-29.
آسایش، محمد حسن، گلپاشا، الهه؛ و باهنر، فهمیه. (1400). تبیین تجارب رفتاری و مقابلههای روانشناختی زنان قربانی رابطۀ فرازناشویی: یک تحقیق کیفی. فصلنامه پژوهشهای کاربردی روانشناختی، 12(4)، 251-269.
آسایش، محمدحسن؛ فرح بخش، کیومرث؛ سلیمی بجستانی، حسین؛ و دلاور، علی. (1397). شناسایی و تبیین تجارب و واکنشهای معنوی زنان قربانی خیانت زناشویی: یک مطالعه پدیدارشناسی. پژوهشنامه اسلامی زنان و خانواده، 6(3)، 57-78.
اصغری نکاح، سید محسن؛ و مهاجر بعد، زهرا. (1399). کاوشی کیفی در عوامل سوق دهنده دختران نوجوان به خودارضایی از منظر الگوی تربیت جنسی خانواده محور مبتنی بر رشد. خانواده و سلامت جنسی، 2(1)، 7.
امانی، احمد؛ احمدی، سرور؛ و حمیدی، امید. (1397). اثربخشی معنادرمانی به شیوه گروهی، بر عزت نفس و بهزیستی روانشناختی دانشجویان دختر دارای نشانگان ضربه عشق. پژوهش نامه روانشناسی مثبت، 4(3)، 71-86.
انصاری، مریم؛ یارمحمدیان، محمدحسین؛ یوسفی، علیرضا؛ و یمانی، نیکو. (1386). مقدمات روش تحقیق کیفی: راه و روش نظریه¬پردازی در علوم انسانی و بهداشت و درمان، اصفهان: نشر دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی استان اصفهان.
بازرگان، عباس. (1399). مقدمه¬ای بر روش¬های تحقیق کیفی و آمیخته: رویکردهای متداول در علوم رفتاری. تهران، نشر دیدار.
باقرزاده، خدیجهسادات؛ احمدی، خدابخش، و نوابینژاد، شکوه. (1401). رابطة معنای زندگی و تقیدات مذهبی با نوع و میزان واکنشهای استرس حاد پس از افشای خیانت همسر. مطالعات اسلام و روانشناسی، در حال چاپ.
پورمحسنی کلوری، فرشته؛ و دشتی، مریم. (1396). مقایسه ی الگوی فعالیت سیستم های مغزی رفتاری، تاب آوری و شیوه های حل مساله در دختران فراری و بهنجار. تازه های علوم شناختی، 19(1)، 62-74.
خدایاری فرد، محمد ؛ و عابدینی، یاسمن. (1394). نظریه¬های و اصول خانواده درمانی با تاکید بر رویکردهای نوین درمان شناختی-رفتاری و معنوی-مذهبی، تهران: نشر دانشگاه تهران.
رضایی، شهلا؛ آلآقا، نيکي؛ و باقريپيازآبادي، زهرا. (1401). بررسی تاثیر مشکلات خانوادگی بهویژه طلاق عملکرد تحصیلی کودکان و دانشآموزان ابتدایی. رهیافت های نوین در مطالعات اسلامی، 10(4)، 117-130.
سید موسوی، مهری؛ و محرمی، جعفر. (1398). ناگویی هیجانی، احساس تنهایی و ترس از صمیمیت: پیشبینیکنندههای نگرش به خیانت در مردان. روانشناسی معاصر، دوفصلنامه انجمن روانشناسی ایران، 14(1)، 12-21.
شیردل سعیده، بوالهری جعفر. (1400). بی وفایی زناشویی: چالش فراروی درمانگران. مجله روانپزشكي و روانشناسي باليني ايران، ۲۷ (۱) :۱۴۳-۱۳۸
صفرپور، ملیحه؛ بخشی پور جویباری، باب الله، و عباسی، قدرت الله. (2021). اثربخشی بخشایش درمانگری بر طلاق هیجانی همسران خیانت دیده. مشاوره و روان درمانی خانواده، 10(2)، 137-164.
علی بابایی، مریم؛ وهابی همابادی، جلال,؛ و خالقی پور، شهناز. (2019). اثربخشی آموزش تلفیقی مهرورزی با خودگویی مثبت بر خصومت، تابآوری و احساس مثبت به همسر در زنان خیانتدیده. پژوهش نامه روانشناسی مثبت، 5(2)، 47-64.
محمدپور، احمد. (1392). روش تحقیق کیفی ضد روش1. تهران: انتشارات جامعه شناسان.
نوابی، جعفر؛ و محمدیآریا، علیرضا. (1394). بررسی ارتباط طرحوارههای اولیه ناسازگار با توجیه روابط فرازناشویی در میان افراد متاهل. فصلنامه انجمن علمی پرستاری ایران، 3(4)، 27-18.
April, M., & Schrodt, P. (2019). Person-centered messages, attributions of responsibility, and the willingness to forgive parental infidelity. Communication Studies, 70(1), 79-98.
Ariapooran, S., & Hajimoradi, R. (2021). The Role of Spirituality Well-being, Forgiveness, and Marital Self-Disclosure in Internet Infidelity in Couples: A Survey Study. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 11(1), 1-34.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. Ch., & Razavieh, A. (٢٠٠٠). Research in education. Translation: Serkisiyan, Niku & Saediyan, Tehran: Sorush
Bayod, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 age: spirituality and meaning making in the face of trauma, grief and deaths. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics, 30(5), 237.
Bhowmik, M. (2020). A Grounded Theory Investigation of the Subjective Responses from Partners in Couples Wher tners in Couples Where Infidelity Has Occurr e Infidelity Has Occurred. Degree of Doctor, Philosophy, Faculty of Psychology the City University of New York, America
Blodgett Salafia, E. H., Schaefer, M. K., & Haugen, E. C. (2014). Connections between marital conflict and adolescent girls’ disordered eating: Parent–adolescent relationship quality as a mediator. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(6), 1128-1138. https://doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9771-9.
Borst, J. B. (2015). A systematic review of the effects of family conflict: Focusing on divorce, infidelity, and attachment style.
Brand, J. E., Moore, R., Song, X., & Xie, Y. (2019). Why does parental divorce lower children's educational attainment? A causal mediation analysis. Sociological science, 6, 264-292.
Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2018). Understanding Nursing Research-eBook: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Texas: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Buss, D. M. (2018). Sexual and emotional infidelity: Evolved gender differences in jealousy prove robust and replicable. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 155-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617698225.
Cano, A., & O’Leary, K. D. (2000). Infidelity and separations precipitate major depressive episodes and symptoms of nonspecific depression and anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 774–781. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.774.
Choi, K. J., & Kangas, M. (2020). Impact of maternal betrayal trauma on parent and child well-being: Attachment style and emotion regulation as moderators. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(2), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000492
De Castro-Bofill, F. R. A., Barrameda, M. J. M., Dadivas, M. C. S., Panganiban, E. R., & San Jose, A. C. G. (2016). Living within a broken vow: The impact of parental infidelity among late adolescents in establishing romantic relationships. Universal Journal of Psychology, 4(5), 228-35.
DePompo, P., & Butsuhara, M. (2016). The “Other” side of infidelity: The experience of the “Other” partner, anxious love, and implications for practitioners. Psychological Thought, 9(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v9i1.167.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of qualitative research, 2(163), 105 -118
Hammer, J. (2021). The Impact of Infidelity on the Family System.
Harris, C. (2018). Characteristics of Emotional and Physical Marital Infidelity That Predict Divorce, Degree of Doctor, Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Alliant International University, Alhambra, America.
Israel, A. C., Malatras, J. W., & Wicks-Nelson, R. (2020). Abnormal child and adolescent psychology. Routledge.
Josephs, L. (2018). The dynamics of infidelity: Applying relationship science to psychotherapy practice. American Psychological Association.
Kawar, C., Coppola, J., & Gangamma, R. (2019). A contextual perspective on associations between reported parental infidelity and relational ethics of the adult children. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 45(2), 354–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12331.
Kessel, D. E., Moon, J. H., & Atkins, D. C. (2007). Research on couple therapy for infidelity: What do we know about helping couples when there has been an affair? In P. R. Peluso (Ed.), Family therapy and counseling. Infidelity: A practitioner’s guide to working with couples in crisis (pp. 55–69).
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Speinger.
McPherson, S. (2003). Stress and coping in accident and emergency senior house officers. Emergency Medicine Journal, 20(3), 230–231. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.20.3.230
Miller, L. D. (2016). Seeking the hiding: Working through parental infidelity. Clinical Social Work Journal, 44(3), 252-264.
Moller, N. P., & Vossler, A. (2015). Defining infidelity in research and couple counselling: A qualitative study. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 41(5), 487–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2014.931314.
Morse, J. M. (٢٠٠٥). What is qualitative research? Qualitative Health Research, Thousand Oaks: Sep. ١٥(٧).
Negash, S., & Morgan, M. L. (2016). A family affair: Examining the impact of parental infidelity on children using a structural family therapy framework. Contemporary Family Therapy, 38(2), 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-015-9364-4.
Nogales, A., & Bellotti, L. G. (2009). Parents who cheat: How children and adults are affected when their parents are unfaithful. Health Communications, Inc.
Phillips, L. (2020). Recovering from the trauma of infidelity. Counseling Today, 62(10), 40-45.
Rowland, D. L., Kolba, T. N., McNabney, S. M., Uribe, D., & Hevesi, K. (2020). Why and how women masturbate, and the relationship to orgasmic response. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 46(4), 361-376.
Salavati, S., Mootabi, F., & Sadegh, M. S. (2018). Reaction to Infidelity in Iranian couples: A Phenomenological Study. Int J Behav Sci, 11(4), 135-141.
Salih, L., & Chaudry, S. (2021). Exploring the lived experience of parental infidelity. Journal of Family Studies, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2021.1956997.
Schmidt, A. E., Green, M. S., Sibley, D. S., & Prouty, A. M. (2016). Effects of parental infidelity on adult children’s relational ethics with their partners: A contextual perspective. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 15(3), 193–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2014. 998848.
Siguan, A., Ong, M. F. T., & Marie, S. I. (2021). The impact of infidelity on Filipino family dynamics and young adults Filipino's self-concept. Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara, 22: 14 – 37 https://doi.org/10.17576/malim-2021-2201-02
Snyder, D. K., Baucom, D. H., & Gordon, K. C. (2008). An integrative approach to treating infidelity. The Family Journal, 16(4), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480708323200.
Stewart, C. (2017). Attitudes, attachment styles, and gender. Implications on perceptions of infidelity. UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 3172. https://doi.org/10.34917/11889756.
Tan, W. N., & Yasin, M. (2020). Parents' roles and parenting styles on shaping children's morality. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(3C), 70–76. https://DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081608.
Thorson, A. R. (2014). Feeling caught: Adult children's experiences with parental infidelity. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 15(1), 75-83.
Thorson, A. R. (2017). Communication and Parental Infidelity: A Qualitative Analysis of How Adult Children Cope in a Topic-Avoidant Environment. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 58(3), 175–193. https://doi:10.1080/10502556.2017.1300019.
Thorson, A. R. (2021). Triangulation and Parental Infidelity: Faithful Parents’ Attempts to Make Their Adult Children Feel Caught, Rumination, and Satisfaction in the Unfaithful Parent–Child Relationship. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 62(5), 327-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2020.1833293.
Warach, B., & Josephs, L. (2021). The aftershocks of infidelity: a review of infidelity-based attachment trauma. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 36(1), 68-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2019.1577961.
Weiser, D. A., Weigel, D. J., Lalasz, C. B., & Evans, W. P. (2017). Family background and propensity to engage in infidelity. Journal of Family Issues, 38(15), 2083–2101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15581660.