The Psychometric Properties of Benjamin`s Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Questionnaire Introject Surface (Self-Concept)
Subject Areas : Psychology
sara mirzaei feizabadi
1
,
habib hadian fard
2
*
,
Mohammad Reza Taghavi
3
,
Mehdi Reza Sarafraz
4
1 - Department of Clinical Psychology, Educational Science and psychology Faculty, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 - Department of Clinical Psychology, Educational Science and psychology Faculty, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 - Department of Clinical Psychology, Educational Science and psychology Faculty, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
4 - Department of Clinical Psychology, Educational Science and psychology Faculty, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Keywords: reliability, validity, self-concept, Structural Analysis of Social Behavior, depression, anxiety, suicide ideation,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surface (self-concept) in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The study participants were 324 students (185 girls and 139 boys) who were studying in the second semester of 2023 academic year, and completed Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surfase (self-concept), Beck Depression Inventory-II (1996), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988) and Beck Suicide Scale Ideation (1988). The Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS-26 and AMOS-25 software. The results show the reliability of this questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Spearman's and Guttman's correlation coefficients in the split-half method, as well as its validity through the convergent coefficients of the dimensions of this questionnaire with other valid tests and finally the construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that Benjamin`s SASB-self-concept (Introject) questionnaire has very good reliability and validity in Iranian students.
انیسی، جعفر. فتحی آشتیانی، علی. سلیمی، سید حسین. و احمدی، خدابخش. (1384). ارزیابی اعتبار و روایی مقیاس افکار خودکشی بک (BSSI) در سربازان، مجله طب نظامی، 7(1)، 33. magiran.com/p56870
رحیمی، چنگیز. (1393). کاربرد پرسشنامه افسردگی بک – 2 در دانشجویان ایرانی. روانشناسی بالینی و شخصیت، 12(1)، 188-173. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23452188.1393.12.1.14.7
سالاری، سعید.، رنجبر، علیرضا. و فتحی آشتیانی، علی. (1396). اعتباریابی و پایایی‌سنجی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه کنترل اضطراب. روان شناسی بالینی، 9(4)، 43-33. https://doi.org/10.22075/jcp.2018.11010.1073
کاویانی، حسین. و موسوی، اشرف‌سادات. (1387). ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی پرسشنامه اضطراب بک در طبقات سنی و جنسی جمعیت ایرانی. مجله دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، 66(2)،۱۳۶-۱۴۰. http://tumj.tums.ac.ir/article-1-641-fa.html
مومنی، فاطمه. شایگان منش، زهرا. و آقاجانی، طهمورث. (1399). اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد (ACT) بر خودپنداره و افسردگی افراد مبتلا به اختلال پرخوری. مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، 63(6)، 3094-3086. https://doi.org/10.22038/mjms.2021.17868
نیکدل، فریبرز.، دهقان، مریم. و نوشادی، ناصر. (1396). نقش واسطه ای استدلال اخلاقی در رابطه خودپنداره و فراشناخت اخلاقی با رفتار اخلاقی دانش آموزان دبیرستان، فصلنامه روانشناسی تربیتی، (46)13، 143-123. https://doi.org/10.22054/jep.2018.8479
Andrews, B., Brown, G. W., & Creasey, L. (1990). Intergenerational links between psychiatric disorder in mothers and daughters: The role of parenting experiences. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31(7), 1115-1129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00850.x
Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1988). Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). Überblick über Reliabilitäts-und Validitätsbefunde von klinischen und außerklinischen Selbst-und Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren, 7. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/t02025-000
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. (1996). Beck depression inventory–II. Psychological assessment. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/t00742-000
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Ranieri, W. F. (1988). Scale for suicide ideation: Psychometric properties of a self‐report version. Journal of clinical psychology, 44(4), 499-505. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198807)44:4%3C499::AID-JCLP2270440404%3E3.0.CO;2-6
Bedics, J. D., Atkins, D. C., Comtois, K. A., & Linehan, M. M. (2012). Weekly therapist ratings of the therapeutic relationship and patient introject during the course of dialectical behavioral therapy for the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Psychotherapy, 49(2), 231. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0028254
Benjamin, L. S. (1979). Use of structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) and Markov chains to study dyadic interactions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88(3), 303. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.88.3.303
Benjamin, L. S. (1996). Introduction to the special section on structural analysis of social behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1203. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1203
Benjamin, L. S. (2000). Use of structural analysis of social behavior for interpersonal diagnosis and treatment in group therapy. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/10378-014
Benjamin, L. S. (2003). Interpersonal reconstructive therapy: Promoting change in nonresponders. New York: Guilford Press. Benjamin, L. S. (2006). Interpersonal reconstructive therapy: An integrative, personality-based treatment for complex cases. Guilford Press.
Benjamin, L. S. (2018). Structural analysis of social behavior: The Rosetta Stone for Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy case formulation and treatment models. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0000090-003
Benjamin, L. S., Critchfield, K. L., Karpiak, C. P., Smith, T. L., & Mestel, R. (2018). Using Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy to Select Effective Interventions for Comorbid, Treatment Resistant, Personality Disordered Individuals. Handbook of Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 394.
Benjamin, L. S., Rothweiler, J. C., & Critchfield, K. L. (2006). The use of structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) as an assessment tool. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol., 2, 83-109. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095337
Björck, C., Clinton, D., Sohlberg, S., Hällström, T., & Norring, C. (2003). Interpersonal profiles in eating disorders: Ratings of SASB self‐image. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 76(4), 337-349. https://doi.org/10.1348/147608303770584719
Björk, T., Skårberg, K., & Engström, I. (2013). Eating disorders and anabolic androgenic steroids in males-similarities and differences in self-image and psychiatric symptoms. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 8(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597x-8-30
Books, B., & Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Brown, G. L., Mangelsdorf, S. C., Neff, C., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., & Frosch, C. A. (2009). Young children’s self-concepts: Associations with child temperament, mothers’ and fathers’ parenting, and triadic family interaction. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly (Wayne State University. Press), 55(2), 184. https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fmpq.0.0019
Brown, P. C., & Smith, T. W. (1992). Social influence, marriage, and the heart: cardiovascular consequences of interpersonal control in husbands and wives. Health Psychology, 11(2), 88. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0278-6133.11.2.88
Cohen, J. R., Spiegler, K. M., Young, J. F., Hankin, B. L., & Abela, J. R. (2014). Self-structures, negative events, and adolescent depression: Clarifying the role of self-complexity in a prospective, multiwave study. The Journal of early adolescence, 34(6), 736-759. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431613503217
Constantino, M. J. (2000). Interpersonal process in psychotherapy through the lens of the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 9(3), 153-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80002-2
CostarelliVD, C. X. (2016). Emotional intelligence, body image and disordered eating attitudes in combat sport relationship between social anxiety, perfectionism and depression perception of body image and eating disorders among young people. Journal of Social Psychology, 9(2), 35-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1728-869X(09)60013-7
Critchfield, K. L., & Benjamin, L. S. (2010). Assessment of repeated relational patterns for individual cases using the SASB-based Intrex questionnaire. Journal of personality assessment, 92(6), 480-489. https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00223891.2010.513286
Critchfield, K. L., Dobner-Pereira, J., & Stucker, E. (2021). The case of Sharon considered from the vantage point of Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy. Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, 17(1), 42-62. https://doi.org/10.14713/pcsp.v17i1.2087
Critchfield, K. L., Henry, W. P., Castonguay, L. G., & Borkovec, T. D. (2007). Interpersonal process and outcome in variants of cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy. Journal of clinical psychology, 63(1), 31-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20329
Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (1994). Marital conflict and child adjustment: an emotional security hypothesis. Psychological bulletin, 116(3), 387. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.387
Eastwick, P. W., Saigal, S. D., & Finkel, E. J. (2010). Smooth operating: A structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) perspective on initial romantic encounters. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(4), 344-352. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550610373402
Feather, N. (2018). Historical background to research on job loss, unemployment, and job search. Oxford handbook of job loss and job search, 9-29.
Florsheitn, P., Tolan, P., & Gorman‐Smith, D. (1998). Family relationships, parenting practices, the availability of male family members, and the behavior of inner‐city boys in single‐mother and two‐parent families. Child development, 69(5), 1437-1447. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06222.x
Fuchshuber, J., Hiebler-Ragger, M., Kresse, A., Kapfhammer, H. P., & Unterrainer, H. F. (2019). The influence of attachment styles and personality organization on emotional functioning after childhood trauma. Frontiers in psychiatry, 643. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00643
Hall, C. W., Row, K. A., Wuensch, K. L., & Godley, K. R. (2013). The role of self-compassion in physical and psychological well-being. The Journal of psychology, 147(4), 311-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2012.693138
Henry, W. P. (1996). Structural analysis of social behavior as a common metric for programmatic psychopathology and psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1263. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1263
Humes, D. L., & Humphrey, L. L. (1994). A multimethod analysis of families with a polydrug-dependent or normal adolescent daughter. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(4), 676. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.103.4.676
Inguglia, C., Ingoglia, S., & Coco, A. L. (2013). The Relation between Emotional Support, Self-Concept, and Social Functioning among School-Aged Children. BPA-Applied Psychology Bulletin (Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata), 60(267).
Kaniuka, A. R., Kelliher-Rabon, J., Chang, E. C., Sirois, F. M., & Hirsch, J. K. (2020). Symptoms of anxiety and depression and suicidal behavior in college students: Conditional indirect effects of non-suicidal self-injury and self-compassion. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 34(4), 316-338. https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2019.1601048
King, A. R., & Russell, T. D. (2017). Psychometric properties of the violent experiences questionnaire. Child abuse & neglect, 67, 64-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2019.1601048
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
McCabe, M., Ricciardelli, L., & Banfield, S. (2011). Depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning in preadolescent children. Depression Research and Treatment, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/548034
Mitchell, M. L., Jolley, J. M., & O'Shea, R. P. (2012). Writing for psychology. Cengage Learning.
Monsen, J. T., von der Lippe, A. L., Havik, O. E., Halvorsen, M. S., & Eilertsen, D. E. (2007). Validation of the SASB Introject Surface in a Norwegian clinical and nonclinical sample. Journal of personality assessment, 88(2), 235-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701268108
Öberg, U. (1996). Functional assessment system of lower-extremity dysfunction (Doctoral dissertation, Linköpings universitet).
Pincus, A. L., Gurtman, M. B., & Ruiz, M. A. (1998). Structural analysis of social behavior (SASB): Circumplex analyses and structural relations with the interpersonal circle and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of personality and social psychology, 74(6), 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1629
Rogers, N. (1947). Changes in self concept in the case of Mrs. Ett. Personal Counselor, 2, 278-291.
Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W., Parker, J. G., Damon, W., & Eisenberg, N. (2006). Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development.
Shayanfar, S. (2022). An Examination of Changes in Therapist Expressed Empathy and Therapist-Client Interpersonal Patterns during and After Alliance Rupture, and Their Contributions to Outcome in the Treatment of Depression (Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada)).
Sirois, F. M., Kitner, R., & Hirsch, J. K. (2015). Self-compassion, affect, and health-promoting behaviors. Health Psychology, 34(6), 661. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000158
Sullivan, H. S. (1964). The illusion of personal identity: The fusion of psychiatry and social science. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1950.11022783
Svartberg, M., Seltzer, M., & Stiles, T. (1996). Self-concept improvement during and after short-term anxiety-provoking psychotherapy: A preliminary growth curve study. Psychotherapy Research, 6(1), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503309612331331568
Thompson, K., Schwartzman, D., D’Iuso, D., Dobson, K., & Drapeau, M. (2018). Client and therapist interpersonal behaviour in cognitive therapy for depression. Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 52(3). https://cjc-rcc.ucalgary.ca/issue/view/4554
Vespa, A., Giulietti, M. V., Fabbietti, P., Di Rosa, M., Gattafoni, P., Sarzani, R., ... & Spatuzzi, R. (2022). Structural Analysis of Social Behavior: Using Cluster Analysis to Examine Intrapsychic Personality Traits Associated With Depression in Women With Breast Cancer. Cancer Control, 29. https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748221103327
Wild, D., Grove, A., Martin, M., Eremenco, S., McElroy, S., Verjee-Lorenz, A., & Erikson, P. (2005). Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value in health, 8(2), 94-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x