شناسایی مشکلات روانشناختی فرزندپذیران و ارائه راهکار جهت سازگاری با آنها
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
نفیسه حشمتی مولائی
1
(دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
رویا کوچک انتظار
2
(دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی. تهران، ایران)
فاطمه گلشنی
3
(دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد تهران مرکزی-دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- تهران- ایران)
کلید واژه: روانشناسی, مشکلات خانواده های فرزندپذیر, راهکار سازگاری ,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به نیاز کودکان و نوجوانان به خانواده مناسب و گسترش انتخاب فرزندپذیری ، این پژوهش به امید افزایش بهزیستی کودک و خانواده و با هدف شناسایی مشکلات روانشناختی خانواده‌های فرزندپذیر ایرانی و ارائه راهکارهای سازگاری با مشکلاتشان انجام شد. به روش کیفی و رویکرد گراندد تئوری طبق نظریه اشتراوس و کوبین، در ابتدا جهت یافتن مشکلات خانواده‌های فرزندپذیر، مصاحبه با یک نماینده از والدین هر 13 خانواده در سال 1401 انجام شد. در مرحله بعدی، نتایج مرحله اول پژوهش در اختیار متخصصان قرار گرفت و راهکارهای پیشنهادی ایشان، بدست آمد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با نرم افزار maxqda2020 انجام شد. روایی و پایایی این پژوهش بسیار مطلوب ارزیابی شد. الزامات اخلاقی رعایت شد. در مرحله اول شناسایی مشکلات، 4 مفهوم بدست آمد. مسائل مربوط به رشد کودک در محیط آسیب های اجتماعی، مشکلات حقوقی-روانشناختی، مسائل مربوط به نگرش و جهان بینی، مشکلات مرتبط با تاب آوری زوجین. از مرحله بعدی، 4 گروه راهکار سازگاری با مشکلات استخراج شد، شامل تبیین چیستی و چگونگی و چرایی فرزندپذیری در ایران (غنای دانش)، راهکارهای اجرایی جهت حل مشکلات، راهکارهای مداخله ای جهت تاب آوری خانواده، راهکارهای تغییر نگرش. مشکلات مربوط به نگرش و جهان بینی شرایط علّی سایر مشکلات بود. در انتها الگوی نهایی ارائه شد. غنای دانش، اصلاح و بهبود نگرش، افزایش تاب آوری والدین، رفع موانع اجرایی، باید اولویت کاری این حیطه قرار گیرد.
Considering the prevalence of infertility and the increase in child adoption in Iran, and given the needs of children and adolescents for having appropriate families, this research intended to identify the psychological problems faced by Iranian families adopting children and offer solutions for them to adapt themselves to these problems as a step in enhancing the well-being of the adopted children and of the families adopting them. The descriptive method and the systematic grounded theory introduced by Strauss and Corbin were used in this study. In the first step, interviews were held in 2022 with 13 adoptive families to identify their problems. In the second step, interviews were held with experts.They offered their proposed solutions for the adaptation. The research was done by observing ethical principles and validation, using MAXQDA2020. Four concepts were extracted in the problem identification step: the legal-psychological problems, and the problems related to the growth of the child in an environment of social harms, to attitude and worldview, and to resilience of the adoptive couple. From the second step, solutions were extracted: explanation of the what and how and why related to adoption in Iran, implementation solutions for solving the problems, intervention solutions for enhancing family resilience, and solutions for changing attitudes. It was found that the problems related to attitude and worldview constituted the causal conditions of other problems. In conclusion, the final model was presented. Enriching knowledge, improving attitudes, increasing parents' resilience, removing implementation obstacles, should be prioritized.
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