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Open Access Article

1 - Language Development in Persian-Speaking 6- to 7-Year-Old Children
Mahnaz Dehghan Tezerjani Parvin Kadivar Mohammad Hosein Abdollahi Hamid Reza Hasanabadi

20.1001.1.18808436.1397.22.86.1.0

Aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of cognitive abilities, socio-economic status, home literacy training environment, and demographic characters on development of Persian-language in children. To achieve the stated goal 105 seven to eights students wer More

Aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of cognitive abilities, socio-economic status, home literacy training environment, and demographic characters on development of Persian-language in children. To achieve the stated goal 105 seven to eights students were selected on the basis of cluster sampling. These children’s mothers responded Home Literacy Environment and demographics questionnaires and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and Test of Language Development (TOLD-P3) were administered on children. Results showed that all components of verbal IQ correlated with language development positively, but in non-verbal components, picture completion, mazes, geometric design and blocks were correlated positively with some components of language development such as relational vocabulary, oral vocabulary, grammatic understanding and semantics. In addition, language and literacy related resources and parents’ positive model in home literacy environment questionnaire were positively related to a number of language development components (such as picture vocabulary, oral vocabulary and relational vocabulary). The results of trend analysis using ANOVA indicated that parents’ education and family income improved language development, but there is no difference in language development between children who have been in daycare and children who haven’t been, and at this age, language development did not differ between males and females. In conclusion, it seems that Persian-speaking children's intelligence can predict their language development to some extent and families' income and parents’ education, as well as, home literacy environment impact children's language development of Persian-speaking children. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigating parent-child relationship in predicting gender dysphoria in Transsexual women and men
Mehrdad Kalantari Mohammadreza Abedi

Introduction:Parent-child relationship problems are one of the main components of mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to Investigating parent-child relationship in predicting gender dysphoria in transsexual women and men. Materials and Methods:This is a de More

Introduction:Parent-child relationship problems are one of the main components of mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to Investigating parent-child relationship in predicting gender dysphoria in transsexual women and men. Materials and Methods:This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all individuals with gender dysphoria , visiting the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, from 2014 to 2016, in order to follow legal proceedings for gender reassignment. The participants included 50 women and 50 men with gender dysphoria were selected via convenience sampling, gave informed consent, and questionnaires: Parent –Child Relationship and gender identity disorder. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and Simultaneous regression (α = 0/05). Results: Based on the results of regression analysis, the father -child relationship was not able to predict gender dysphoria in transsexual women. However, the Mother -child relationship could predict 21% of gender dysphoria in transsexual women, and the best predictor of gender dysphoria was the role of resentment / role confusion component. The father -child relationship was not able to predict gender dysphoria in transsexual men. But the Mother -child relationship could predict 44% of the variance of gender dysphoria in transsexual men, and the best predictor of gender dysphoria was positive affec and identification. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the disturbance and troubled relationship between the Parent-child relationship can have a significant role in the incidence of gender dysphoria in transsexual men and women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Developing a structural model of the relationship between economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and education with mediating parenting styles, emotional space, adolescent knowledge, and spending leisure time with behavioral, social problems and sexual knowledge in puberty period
leila akrami mokhtar malekpor Ahmad abedi

The purpose of the present study, is Developing a structural model of the relationship between economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and education with mediating parenting styles, emotional space, adolescent knowledge, and spending leisure time wit More

The purpose of the present study, is Developing a structural model of the relationship between economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and education with mediating parenting styles, emotional space, adolescent knowledge, and spending leisure time with behavioral, social problems and sexual knowledge in puberty period. The research method is correlation of type structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all girls and boy’s adolescent in Yazd. Using multi-stage cluster random sampling, 200 girls and boys ages 12-16 years old and their mothers were selected. The tools used for data collection were Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), Burn Family Emotional Condition Questionnaire (BFECQ), Adolescent Leisure Time Questionnaire, Adolescence Change Awareness Questionnaire, Economic and Educational Status Questionnaire. Child Behavior Assessment System (BASC-3), Third Edition), Parent Form (PRS-A), Social Skills Improvement System(SSIS) and Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire. Path analysis technique was used to test the research model. The results showed that the research model had an optimal fit with significant level of 0.01 among the adolescents. Based on the results, it can be said that parenting styles, and their awareness and adolescence about the characteristics of adolescence and the changes made during this period, emotional space, and how leisure time can play an important role in behavioral, social problems and sexual knowledge of teens. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigating Parent-Child Relationship in Predicting Gender Dysphoria in Transsexual Women and Men
Somaye Rahimi Ahmadabadi Mehrdad Kalantari Mohammadreza Abedi Seyed Morteza Modarres Gharavi

20.1001.1.18808436.1399.24.2.5.0

The purpose of this study was to Investigat the parent-child relationship in predicting gender dysphoria in transsexual women and men. This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all individuals with gender dysphoria, visiting the Iran More

The purpose of this study was to Investigat the parent-child relationship in predicting gender dysphoria in transsexual women and men. This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all individuals with gender dysphoria, visiting the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, from 2014 to 2016, in order to follow legal proceedings for gender reassignment. The participants included 50 women and 50 men with gender dysphoria were selected via convenience sampling, gave informed consent, and Compeleted: Parent–Child Relationship Survey and Gender Identity Disorder Questionnaire. The data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and Simultaneous regression (α=0.50). Based on the results of regression analysis, the father-child relationship was not able to predict gender dysphoria in transsexual women. However, the Mother -child relationship could predict 21% of gender dysphoria in transsexual women, and the best predictor of gender dysphoria was the role of resentment / role confusion component. The father -child relationship was not able to predict gender dysphoria in transsexual men. But the Mother-child relationship could predict 44% of the variance of gender dysphoria in transsexual men, and the best predictor of gender dysphoria was positive affect and identification. According to the findings of this study, the disturbance and troubled relationship between the parent-child relationship can have a significant role in the incidence of gender dysphoria in transsexual men and women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Correlation Between the Early Maladaptive Schemes, Self Differentiation and Sexual Function with Extera Marital Relationship Proneness in Married Female Students of Gilan university
Mahnaz Nasirijounaghani farhad Asghari علی پورصفر

20.1001.1.18808436.1400.25.3.3.7

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between early maladaptive schemas, self-differentiation and sexual function with the tendency to extramarital relationships. The present study was a descriptive-correlational. The statistical populatio More

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between early maladaptive schemas, self-differentiation and sexual function with the tendency to extramarital relationships. The present study was a descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all married female students of Gilan university, Iran, in the academic year 2017-2018.Considering the size of the population, 280 students were selected as sample through multistage cluster sampling. For analysis of data, descriptive and inferential statistics, Sobel test, structural equation and SPSS and Amos softwares were used. The results showed that the early maladaptive schemata, self- differentiation and sexual function affect on extramarital relations. According to the results, three variables, the early maladaptive schemata, self- differentiation and Sexual function, in sequence with(t=2/48, β=20), (t=5/68, β=-0/43), (t=2/51, β=-0/16) have direct relation with extera marital relationship proneness and affect on. The results also showed that the early maladaptive schemata by mediation of self- differentiation have indirect effect(t=4/19, β=0/21) and by mediation of Sexual function don’t have indirect effect(t=0/52, β=0/01) on extera marital relationship proneness. So, the indirect relationship of the early maladaptive schemata by mediation of self- differentiation were confirmed and the other were rejected (p>0.05). Results showed that the early maladaptive schemata, self- differentiation and Sexual function has impact on the initiation of treachery phenomenon. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Mediating Role of Parenting Styles with the Puberty Period
leila akrami mokhtar malekpor Ahmad Abedi

The purpose of the present study, is the mediating role of parenting styles, emotional space, adolescent knowledge, spending leisure time in relation to economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and education with the behavioral, social and sexual know More

The purpose of the present study, is the mediating role of parenting styles, emotional space, adolescent knowledge, spending leisure time in relation to economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and education with the behavioral, social and sexual knowledge in puberty period. The statistical population consisted of all girls and boy’s adolescent in Yazd. Using multi-stage cluster random sampling, 200 girls and boys ages 12-16 years old and their mothers were selected. The tools used for data collection were Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire, Burn Family Emotional Condition Questionnaire, Adolescent Leisure Time Questionnaire, Adolescence Change Awareness Questionnaire, Economic and Educational Status Questionnaire. Child Behavior Assessment System (Parent Form), Social Skills Improvement System and Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire. Path analysis technique was used to test the research model. The results showed that the research variables had a significant correlation with each other (p≤ 0.01) and the research model had a suitable and appropriate fit among adolescents at a significance level of 0.01. The direct and indirect effect of the variables of economic conditions, level of education, parental knowledge and receiving education on behavioral, social and sexual knowledge problems of adolescents was significant (t≥ 1.96, p≤ 0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Features of Emerging Adulthood Developmental Stage in Iranian University Students: Culture and Gender
Mohamad-Ali Naghizade Narjes Lari Elahe Hejazi Keyvan Salehi

The purpose of this study was to identify the features of emerging adulthood developmental stage (from 18 to 29 years old) in Iranian university students and investigate the role of gender in perception of these features. By employing criterion sampling, 15 persons (M=2 More

The purpose of this study was to identify the features of emerging adulthood developmental stage (from 18 to 29 years old) in Iranian university students and investigate the role of gender in perception of these features. By employing criterion sampling, 15 persons (M=23.26, 8 males and 7 females) were selected from 18-29-year-old university students/graduates who were living in Tehran in 2017. All participants were subjected to a semi-structured interview. Analyzing the data by employing the phenomenological method and Colaizzi’s seven-step strategy indicated seven features, including Agency formation, Identity formation, Confusion, Optimism, Feeling in-between, Instability, and the need for intimacy. Results also showed that there were some differences between males and females in Agency formation, Confusion, Instability, and the need for intimacy. The results of this study emphasize the need to review the knowledge of the young age period in Iranian culture and provides hints in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Effectiveness of Indigenous Marital Enrichment Package on Sexual Distress of Working Women in Shiraz, 2020-2021
maryam sazgar moloud keykhosravani effat merghati khoei hamidreza tohidnik

20.1001.1.18808436.1401.26.3.6.7

Sexual distress is a destructive factor in marital relationships, so if the right interventions are used, this sexual problem can be prevented. The purpose of this study is the effectiveness of the indigenous package of enriching marital relations on sexual distress of More

Sexual distress is a destructive factor in marital relationships, so if the right interventions are used, this sexual problem can be prevented. The purpose of this study is the effectiveness of the indigenous package of enriching marital relations on sexual distress of working women in Shiraz, 2020-2021. The research method was clinical trial with pre-test and post-test design and 8 and 12 week follow-up with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women working in several government agencies in Shiraz in 2020. 120 women with sexual dysfunction were selected by purposive sampling method and were divided into experimental and control groups, which resulted in 79 final samples. 40 people were in the experimental group and 39 people were in the control group. All of these women applied to participate in training sessions to enrich couple relationships (4 sessions of 2 hours) which were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups. In this study, a sexual distress questionnaire (Dragatis, et al., 2008) was used to collect information. Analysis of statistical data was performed by SPSS22 software at both descriptive and inferential levels. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of sexual distress in the research stages and the native package of enrichment of marital relationships has improved the quality of sexual intercourse and reduced sexual distress in the experimental group compared to the control group (p> 0. 001). Therefore, the indigenous package of enriching marital relations has played a significant role in promoting women's sexual relations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Five major personality factors in the psychological distress of an improved covid-19 population: The moderating role of gender
Maedeh Ahadi Jafar Hasani Mehdi Akbari

20.1001.1.18808436.1401.26.4.8.1

The global prevalence and unprecedented COVID-19 disease is a serious threat to public health and increases psychological distress in individuals. It is crucial to study the structural model of COVID-19 psychological factors associated with COVID-19 and the lack of prev More

The global prevalence and unprecedented COVID-19 disease is a serious threat to public health and increases psychological distress in individuals. It is crucial to study the structural model of COVID-19 psychological factors associated with COVID-19 and the lack of previous research on this issue presented in this study. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of gender modulation in the relationship between the five major factors of personality and psychological distress in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Improved patients of Covid-19 (N= 705; Age range 25-80 years, women= 63/20%; Mean age = 41/32, SD = 11/05 years). They were selected from Sasan and Baqiyatallah hospitals by available sampling method. The instruments used were the Five Personality-Short Form Questionnaire (BFI-S) and the Psychological Distress Scale (K10). R software (Lavan) package was used to analyze the data. Openness in women increases anxiety, but in men, it reduces anxiety. Moreover, the effect of openness on distress in the two groups of men and women was statistically significant (P = 0.002); Extraversion was also associated with decreased anxiety in men (P = 0.000); therefore, gender is the moderator of these relationships. These results explain the process of psychological distress by considering personality factors and the critical role of gender as a moderator and the need to pay attention to intervention approaches to reduce the effects of psychological distress in the research literature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Treatments on Sexual Desire Disorder in Men
hossein ranjbar shayan Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei Amir Panah Ali

Sexual desire disorder can be defined as a decrease in sensual feelings, thoughts and fantasies. The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and cognitive behavioral therapy on libido disorder in men. The resea More

Sexual desire disorder can be defined as a decrease in sensual feelings, thoughts and fantasies. The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and cognitive behavioral therapy on libido disorder in men. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all men who suffered from the problem of decreased libido and for this purpose, they referred to medical centers in Tabriz city and received the diagnosis of decreased libido disorder. The research sample included 30 men who had the problem of decreased sexual desire and were randomly selected in three groups including the first experimental group (tDCS), the second experimental group (CBT) and the control group. Halbert's test was used to collect data. Single-variable covariance analysis was used for statistical analysis using SPSS-26 software. The results of the analysis showed that both treatment methods are effective in the dependent variable (decrease of sexual desire disorder). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Efficacy of Compassion-Based Psychotherapy on Self-Awareness and Sexual Self-Esteem of Women with Sexual Dysfunction Symptoms
Siavash Lajevardi farshid khosropour hamid Mollayee Zarandi

Sexual dysfunction is often accompanied by emotional imbalance, diminished psychological and sexual self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based psychotherapy on self-awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfuncti More

Sexual dysfunction is often accompanied by emotional imbalance, diminished psychological and sexual self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based psychotherapy on self-awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfunction symptoms. A semi- experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements was employed. The study population consisted of married women with sexual dysfunction who sought counseling in the family counselling centers in Tehran between January 2023 to April 2023. The research sample included 30 women with sexual dysfunction who were purposefully selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental(15 participants) and control (15 participants). Data were collected using the Female Sexual Function Index, the short form of the Sexual Self-Esteem Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale. The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90-minute compassion-based psychotherapy, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software through repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post- hoc test. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences between post-test and follow-up measurements of the experimental and control groups in sexual self-esteem and self-awareness scores (p ≤ 0.001). The therapeutic effects were maintained during the 3-month follow- up. Based on the findings, compassion-based psychotherapy was found to be effective in enhancing self- awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfunction symptoms. Therefore, further research is recommended to explore the efficacy of this approach and compare it with other evidence- based treatments in larger samples. Manuscript profile

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